Demography of the Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii , from the central Chihuahuan Desert

The demography of a population of Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii , was examined from 2004 to 2006 in the canyon Las Piedras Encimadas, located in Gomez Palacio, Durango, México. Lizards were studied using a mark-recapture technique. Reproduction in females occurred between November and May, coinciding with dry conditions. Reproductive activity was highest (percent of females with vitellogenic follicles or embryos) in the middle of the dry season (November and December). Thirteen percent of females reached sexual maturity at an average age of 8.5 months. The population structure was similar in spring and fall, but not in summer. A notable feature of summer, coinciding with the wet season, was the greater number of hatchlings and juveniles. The overall sex ratio did not differ from 1:1. The density of adults varied from 12 to 62 animals ? 0.5 ha –1 . Temperate and arid-adapted populations of S. jarrovii exhibited broad similarity in timing of the reproductive season, whereas factors such as density, growth, age at sexual maturity, and survivorship differed.     

Extraction of a weak climatic signal by an ecosystem

The complexity of ecosystems can cause subtle and chaotic responses to changes in external forcing. Although ecosystems may not normally behave chaotically, sensitivity to external influences associated with nonlinearity can lead to amplification of climatic signals. Strong correlations between an El Ni?o index and rainfall and maize yield in Zimbabwe have been demonstrated; the correlation with maize yield was stronger than that with rainfall. A second example is the 100,000-year ice-age cycle, which may arise from a weak cycle in radiation through its influence on the concentration of atmospheric CO2 (ref. 5). Such integration of a weak climatic signal has yet to be demonstrated in a realistic theoretical system. Here we use a particular climatic phenomenon-the observed association between plankton populations around the UK and the position of the Gulf Stream-as a probe to demonstrate how a detailed marine ecosystem model extracts a weak signal that is spread across different meteorological variables. Biological systems may therefore respond to climatic signals other than those that dominate the driving variables.     

二氧化硅气凝胶的常压制备及其特性研究

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,先采用溶胶-凝胶法制备湿凝胶,然后浸泡在反应溶液中进行老化,再利用正己烷进行溶剂交换,三甲基氯硅烷进行表面改性,最终获得轻质多孔二氧化硅气凝胶. 进一步考察了凝胶时间随乙醇和水的不同加入量和pH值的变化,利用FTIR、XRD和SEM等方法对二氧化硅气凝胶表征. 结果表明,所制备的疏水SiO2气凝胶的密度、比表面积和孔隙率分别为77～200 kg·m-3,500～750 m2g-1和85%～95%,其颗粒尺寸为50～200 nm.     

网络安全多级模糊综合评价方法

计算机网络信息各种风险的定量评估方法研究是，‘项重要的基础性研究，是IT领域中的前沿课题之一。综述了计算机网络安全以及网络信息安全评估标准和评价现状，应用系统工程的理论和方法识别、分析和评价网络信息安全固有或潜在风险发生的可能性和危险因素，论述了网络综合安全风险的评价步骤与过程，建立基于硬件、软件及外部环境的计算机网络信息安全综合评价指标体系，给出了基于网络安全多级模糊综合评价模型及其评价方法。并结合网络实例给出了使用评价模型进行网络安全评价的步骤和方法，评价结果与实际相符。     

基于WinPcap的网络数据解析及其实现

WinPcap为Win32平台下网络数据的捕获与过滤提供了强大的接口,为了得到所需的信息,必需对所捕获的数据进行解析与还原.在研究WinPcap捕获网络数据基本流程的基础上,分别对802.3数据帧、IP报文、TCP报文和HTTP报文的分析与还原技术进行了详细阐述,并重点对HTPP报文的解析进行了实现.     

具有不依从现象的临床试验中平均处理

在随机处理--对照的临床试验中,经常出现不依从或部分依从的现象,此时,由于所涉及到的"虚拟事实"变量,即不能观察到的潜在变量太多而不易估计其平均因果效应ACE在仅出现完全依从和不依从情况时,Balke and Pearl利用线性规划的方法获得了ACE估计量的上下界,利用他们所提供的方法,有时会出现下界为负数,显然,这样的下界没什么实际意义.根据Angrist,Imbebns & Rubin讨论工具变量时所提出一些假设条件,导出了在不同情况下,计算ACE估计量的上下界的方法,并证明了其下界一定是非负的,所得到的上下界区间比Balke and Pearl的区间要小.同时,还讨论了部分依从情况下,ACE估计量的上下界的计算方法,并得到了相应的结果.     

非晶硅氢薄膜材料光稳定性的研究

研究a Si:H薄膜样品在长时间强光照后会引起光、暗电导率的降低 (S W效应 )及薄膜的光转换效率 实验表明 ,随着光照时间增加 ,薄膜的光接受灵敏度下降 ,光电转换效率也相应降低 ,就此提出了S W效应发生的微观模型     

Population-based resequencing of ANGPTL4 uncovers variations that reduce triglycerides and increase HDL

Resequencing genes provides the opportunity to assess the full spectrum of variants that influence complex traits. Here we report the first application of resequencing to a large population (n = 3,551) to examine the role of the adipokine ANGPTL4 in lipid metabolism. Nonsynonymous variants in ANGPTL4 were more prevalent in individuals with triglyceride levels in the lowest quartile than in individuals with levels in the highest quartile (P = 0.016). One variant (E40K), present in approximately 3% of European Americans, was associated with significantly lower plasma levels of triglyceride and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in European Americans from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and in Danes from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous variants was higher in European Americans than in African Americans (4:1 versus 1.3:1), suggesting population-specific relaxation of purifying selection. Thus, resequencing of ANGPTL4 in a multiethnic population allowed analysis of the phenotypic effects of both rare and common variants while taking advantage of genetic variation arising from ethnic differences in population history.