极端降雨对黄土沟壑区隧洞施工力学效应影响分析

黄土地区输水隧洞的建设中,降雨入渗极大影响着输水隧洞围岩稳定性。本文利用非饱和渗流理论和数值模拟方法研究了极端降雨条件入渗与黄土沟壑区隧洞的开挖扰动耦合影响下围岩的变形和渗流场演变规律,通过Plaxis3D模型对降雨入渗下新奥法施工过程中围岩力学特性、初期支护过程进行流固耦合分析。结果显示,降雨等级越高,围岩孔隙水压力变化幅度越大,对围岩的稳定性越不利;降雨入渗与开挖扰动会加速土层中渗流场和应力场的重分布过程;基于沟道的汇水特性,隧洞围岩含水率在最初5~10 d呈台阶式增长,拱顶、拱腰和拱趾处的最大变形为17.8 mm、28.2 mm、24.6 mm,最大剪切应力为175.3 kPa、182.5 kPa、150.6 kPa,降雨结束约15~20 d围岩变形速率逐渐减小收敛至特定值,但围岩的应力持续增加,为避免围岩发生塑性变形,故可在15~20 d进行二次衬砌支护。本次研究结果可对极端降雨期黄土沟壑地区隧洞施工安全控制提供参考。     

基于可视化分析模型的汽车电控系统需求开发方法

为解决汽车电控系统需求开发过程中需求描述模糊不清、理解不一致问题,结合实际研发项目及CMMI-3等级认证过程的经验,提出了一种基于可视化分析模型的需求开发方法。首先,将复杂的汽车电控系统进行层级划分,从客户对整车顶层功能需求开始着手分析,通过用例场景建模定义系统与外部环境边界和交互关系,捕获顶层系统需求;然后,基于活动图和时序图可视化分析方法,对系统静态和动态行为进行细化分析,给出了不同层级需求挖掘思路及方法,并用需求图展示需求开发细节以及不同层级需求的追溯关系;最后,以触发柴油机颗粒捕集器DPF再生为研究案例,系统阐述了可视化分析模型的需求方法的应用过程,验证了所提方法的可行性与有效性,为汽车电控系统正向开发提供技术手段和指导建议。     

一维β-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam纳米单原子链中非线性参数作用的研究

运用发展的Ford-Kac-Mazur方法对一维β-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam纳米单原子链的运动方程进行了简化.通过数值计算,对系统在非线性相互作用下的傅里叶热传输定律进行了修正,同时对奇偶原子数晶格系统的局域能量密度进行了比较,发现奇数原子系统中明显存在离散呼吸子.     

浅谈计算机专业选修课的教学方法

总结了笔者多在年计算机专业选修课的教学经验;介绍了计算机专业选修课教学中应该注意的问题,并着重探讨了学生创新思维能力的培养。     

竹子热水预抽提过程中糖组分的溶出规律

研究了不同工艺条件下竹子热水预抽提过程中主要糖类组分的溶出率,总糖和戊糖占抽提液中固形物的比例,以及糠醛、羟甲基糠醛的生成随H因子的变化规律.结果表明:为了获取最大量的糖、减少糠醛(F)和羟甲基糠醛(HMF)的生成量,lgH应控制在3.2～3.4的范围内;在获得相同最大量糖的前提下,热水预抽提的最高温度不应超过160℃;当lgH低于3.2～3.4的范围时,糖的溶出率较低;高于此范围,部分糖降解生成F和HMF,总糖占抽提液固形物的比例和糖组分溶出率下降;在总糖溶出率达到最大值时,相同H因子作用下,温度超过160℃会导致糖降解生成的F和HMF增多.关键词:竹子半纤维素;热水预抽提;H因子;糖溶出率;糠醛;羟甲基糠醛     

Novel cued search strategy based on information gain for phased array radar

A search strategy based on the maximal information gain principle is presented for the cued search of phased array radars. First, the method for the determination of the cued search region, arrangement of beam positions, and the calculation of the prior probability distribution of each beam position is discussed. And then, two search algorithms based on information gain are proposed using Shannon entropy and Kullback-Leibler entropy, respectively. With the proposed strategy, the information gain of each beam position is predicted before the radar detection, and the observation is made in the beam position with the maximal information gain. Compared with the conventional method of sequential search and confirm search, simulation results show that the proposed search strategy can distinctly improve the search performance and save radar time resources with the same given detection probability.     

基于智能虚拟环境的地铁站台仿真系统

实现了一个用于列车驾驶培训的地铁站台仿真系统.系统由一个可被感知的站台虚拟环境和虚拟乘客系统组成.站台环境由静态场景、动态场景两部分组成,可在用户控制下发生变化.虚拟乘客通过感知站台环境的变化做出行为判断与动作.乘客仿真模型采用分层结构,分别实现环境感知、决策、行为选择、动作实现与实时绘制.目前,该系统已用于地铁列车仿真器,成为培训司机站台操作的工具.     

Efficient combination rule of Dezert-Smarandache theory

The Dezert-Smarandache theory （DSmT） is a useful method for dealing with uncertainty problems. It is more efficient in combining conflicting evidence. Therefore, it has been successfully applied in data fusion and object recognition. However, there exist shortcomings in its combination rule. An efficient combination rule is presented, that is, the evidence＇s conflicting probability is distributed to every proposition based on remaining the focal elements of conflict. Experiments show that the new combination rule improves the reliability and rationality of the combination results. Although evidences conflict another one highly, good combination results are also obtained.     

基于新息序列修正的输入估计算法

针对传统输入估计算法跟踪机动目标时检测概率和估计精度不高的缺点,提出一种改进的输入估计跟踪算法。算法利用对检测窗内新息序列进行修正以及对卡尔曼滤波状态变量进行补偿的方法,消除了已有机动检测估计对后继机动输入估计的影响,提高了对机动的检测概率和估计精度。理论分析和仿真结果表明,改进后的算法相比原有算法和IMM3算法,不仅跟踪性能有显著提高,而且对加速度缓变的机动也有较好的跟踪能力。     

Knowledge-based bridge detection from SAR images

Automatic bridge detection is an important application of SAR images. Differed from the classical CFAR method, a new knowledge-based bridge detection approach is proposed. The method not only uses the backscattering intensity difference between targets and background but also applies the contextual information and spatial relationship between objects. According to bridges’ special characteristics and scattering properties in SAR images, the new knowledge-based method includes three processes: river segmentation, potential bridge areas detection and bridge discrimination. The application to AIRSAR data shows that the new method is not sensitive to rivers’ shape. Moreover, this method can detect bridges successfully when river segmentation is not very exact and is more robust than the radius projection method.