Immunization with amyloid-beta attenuates Alzheimer-disease-like pathology in the PDAPP mouse.

Amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) seems to have a central role in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Familial forms of the disease have been linked to mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the presenilin genes. Disease-linked mutations in these genes result in increased production of the 42-amino-acid form of the peptide (Abeta42), which is the predominant form found in the amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's disease. The PDAPP transgenic mouse, which overexpresses mutant human APP (in which the amino acid at position 717 is phenylalanine instead of the normal valine), progressively develops many of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease in an age- and brain-region-dependent manner. In the present study, transgenic animals were immunized with Abeta42, either before the onset of AD-type neuropathologies (at 6 weeks of age) or at an older age (11 months), when amyloid-beta deposition and several of the subsequent neuropathological changes were well established. We report that immunization of the young animals essentially prevented the development of beta-amyloid-plaque formation, neuritic dystrophy and astrogliosis. Treatment of the older animals also markedly reduced the extent and progression of these AD-like neuropathologies. Our results raise the possibility that immunization with amyloid-beta may be effective in preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease.     

桥梁抗震安全设防及重要性的效益—成本分析

结构物的重要性是安全设防标准确定的基本依据之一．针对桥梁结构在国民经济中的特殊性,引入了一种基于效益－成本分析的桥梁设计目标可靠度确定的分析方法．然后利用交通网络分析的方法,借用运输项目经济评价中的国民经济评价的分析模型,并吸收灾害经济研究的最新成果,对桥梁破坏的社会经济损失进行分项计算,得出桥梁在一定使用年限内的损失期望．最后通过算例进行了示例分析．     

超声速进气道与火箭冲压发动机性能匹配研究

综合给出了二维超声速进气道内特性,并将其与整体固体火箭冲压发动机性能匹配计算相结合,建立了整体固体火箭冲压发动机特性计算一维模型与方法.选择进气道不同状态作为设计点,根据飞行速度/高度计算出了发动机非设计点性能和相应的进气道与发动机在非设计状态下的匹配点轨迹及性能.结果表明,超声速进气道设计点选取至关重要,它不仅影响整体固体冲压发动机性能,而且严重影响超声速进气道稳定工作范围.     

基于机器视觉的刀具磨损检测技术

针对当前国内外刀具磨损检测的缺点和存在的问题,设计了基于机器视觉的刀具磨损检测方案,分析了刀具磨损检测的原理和识别过程,并结合图像处理的方法,采用自适应中值滤波对刀具图像进行平滑去噪,进一步得到刀具的二值化图像,再采用Canny边缘检测技术提取刀具轮廓信息.最后提出基于人工神经网络的刀具磨损检测算法.     

多事件干扰下工期拖延责任分摊计算

针对利用网络分析技术计算工期索赔时常发生的叠加和发散效应,分析了网络计算叠加效应和发散效应的成因,得出了网络计算叠加效应和发散效应分别产生于初始时差和过程时差重复利用的结论.提出了多事件干扰下工期拖延责任分摊原则和计算方法.该方法认为时差应为承包商和业主双方共同所有,直接针对双方因时差优先使用权产生的争议,即网络计算叠加效应和发散效应产生的附加值.当在时差的使用上不发生争议时,任何一方都可以随意使用时差.如果发生争议,则争议时差应在业主和承包商之间平均分摊.该方法坚持了公平原则,很大程度上化解了承包商和业主之间的争议,同时对共同延误也具有适用性.     

声学测量实验教学模式探析

声学测量实验是声学专业重要的实验课程之一,文中对实验课程的教学模式改革进行了探讨,提出了"基本技能培训→综合实验能力培养→自主创新意识锻炼"的三级阶梯式实验教学模式,分析了新型教学模式对于学生更好地掌握声学测量技术,提高综合实验素质和培养创新能力起到的积极作用。     

氧化硅纳米多孔材料表面的水蒸气吸附动力学研究

采用称重法对氧化硅纳米多孔材料在温湿环境中的水蒸气吸附规律进行了实验研究.在25℃分别测定了不同孔隙率的材料在水蒸气相对蒸汽压为0.3～0.9范围内的吸附动力学曲线.分别采用不同的多层吸附等温式对材料的吸附等温线进行拟合,提出了一种双指数衰减动力学吸附模型方程,并和准一/二级动力学吸附模型一起对实验结果进行了拟合.结果表明:Redlich-Peterson、Fritz-Schlünder吸附等温式和BET多层吸附模型的拟合相关系数较大;BET多层吸附模型的拟合参数可给出单层饱和吸附量和吸附层数,吸附等温线由单层到多层存在临界点,具有明显的物理意义;氧化硅纳米多孔材料对湿空气中水蒸气的动态吸附过程可由双指数衰减模型来描述,与实验数据的相关系数在0.99以上,在整个吸附过程中均与实验数据拟合良好.     

New constructions of identity-based threshold decryption

In this paper, based on the verifiable pair and identity-based threshold cryptography, a novel identity-based (ID-based) threshold decryption scheme (IDTDS) is proposed, which is provably secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack under the computational bilinear Diffie-Hellman (CBDH) problem assumption in the random oracle. The pubic checkability of ciphertext in the IDTDS is given by simply creating a signed ElGamal encryption instead of a noninteractive zero-knowledge proof. Furthermore, we introduce a modified verifiable pairing to ensure all decryption shares are consistent. Our scheme is more efficient in verification than the schemes considered previously.     

First principles studies on the electronics structures of (Li<Subscript>1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Me<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>)FePO<Subscript>4</Subscript> (Me=Na and Be)

Based on density functional theory (DFT) of the first-principle for cathode materials of lithium ion battery, the electronic structures of (Li_1?x Me _x )FePO₄ (Me=Na and Be, x=0–0.40) are calculated by plane wave pseudo-potential method using Cambridge serial total energy package (CASTEP) program. The calculated results show that Li-site doping can improve the electronic conductivity enormously. Doping with Na has a noticeable effect on improving its electrical conductivity. However, serious structural distortion will occur when its doping density is beyond 0.25. In view of this, the best density of doping Na is less than 0.25. Doping with Be has an inconspicuous effect on increasing its electrical conductivity and has good cyclical stability, but it cannot achieve as good results as when it is doped with Na. Therefore we cannot find a middle ground between the two proposals. Considering cost and environmental protection, it is ideal to choose Na. So this method gives a reasonable prediction to the improvement of electronic conductivity through Li-site doping in LiFePO₄ material.