紫胶红色素提取及其废液治理的研究

启用三层斜底式连续沉降槽关键性装置与优选工艺参数,提高紫胶红色素得率及质量达国内先进水平。以化学—生物法综合治理紫胶红色素的废液达到工业“废水”排放试行标准。     

超细氧化物颗粒对Sn\|58Bi钎料组织及性能影响

研究了分别添加1%Al2 O3 、Fe2 O3 、SiO2 、TiO2 超细粉末对Sn-58Bi共晶钎料的润湿性、钎焊接头微观组织及力学性能影响.结果表明,氧化物粉末的添加对钎料熔点影响不大,但钎料润湿性及钎焊接头剪切强度明显提高;明显细化钎焊接头基体组织及界面金属间化合物颗粒大小,并且界面金属间化合物层厚度也有一定减薄;另外,可抑制钎焊时焊点表面Bi的氧化,因此焊点表面光亮度也有明显提高.     

A modular switch for spatial Ca2+ selectivity in the calmodulin regulation of CaV channels

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent regulation of voltage-gated CaV1-2 Ca2+ channels shows extraordinary modes of spatial Ca2+ decoding and channel modulation, vital for many biological functions. A single calmodulin (CaM) molecule associates constitutively with the channel's carboxy-terminal tail, and Ca2+ binding to the C-terminal and N-terminal lobes of CaM can each induce distinct channel regulations. As expected from close channel proximity, the C-lobe responds to the roughly 100-microM Ca2+ pulses driven by the associated channel, a behaviour defined as 'local Ca2+ selectivity'. Conversely, all previous observations have indicated that the N-lobe somehow senses the far weaker signals from distant Ca2+ sources. This 'global Ca2+ selectivity' satisfies a general signalling requirement, enabling a resident molecule to remotely sense cellular Ca2+ activity, which would otherwise be overshadowed by Ca2+ entry through the host channel. Here we show that the spatial Ca2+ selectivity of N-lobe CaM regulation is not invariably global but can be switched by a novel Ca2+/CaM-binding site within the amino terminus of channels (NSCaTE, for N-terminal spatial Ca2+ transforming element). Native CaV2.2 channels lack this element and show N-lobe regulation with a global selectivity. On the introduction of NSCaTE into these channels, spatial Ca2+ selectivity transforms from a global to local profile. Given this effect, we examined CaV1.2/CaV1.3 channels, which naturally contain NSCaTE, and found that their N-lobe selectivity is indeed local. Disruption of this element produces a global selectivity, confirming the native function of NSCaTE. Thus, differences in spatial selectivity between advanced CaV1 and CaV2 channel isoforms are explained by the presence or absence of NSCaTE. Beyond functional effects, the position of NSCaTE on the channel's amino terminus indicates that CaM can bridge the amino terminus and carboxy terminus of channels. Finally, the modularity of NSCaTE offers practical means for understanding the basis of global Ca2+ selectivity.     

四探针和双四探针法测量非晶态薄膜合金电阻的研究

研究了四探针和双四探针法测量非晶态薄膜合金电阻的几何尺寸效应,提出了一种高精度测量非晶态窄带薄膜合金电阻的新方法,理论和实验的研究结果都证明了这种方法的可行性。     

臭氧处理工业循环冷却水的实验研究

针对工业循环冷却水的水质特性,采用单一臭氧氧化法来代替常规的化学药剂法对其进行处理。在自行设计的动态模拟循环冷却水实验装置中进行长时间的挂片试验,借助先进的测试手段对臭氧氧化法进行了综合评估。实验结果表明,臭氧不仅可以除掉循环冷却水系统中各部件的垢层,还可防止重新结垢,抑制了设备的腐蚀。用臭氧作为单一药剂的水处理方法,是一种极有前途的循环冷却水处理技术。     

隆线溞及大型溞头胸甲及孵育囊上皮的构造

本文报道了两种枝角类的头胸甲及孵育囊上皮的构造。经文献检索,是首次报道。上皮呈多角形,上皮以突起的角相接,构成了很多孔隙,这些孔隙就是血淋巴腔。背缘及腹缘的血腔都很宽大。上皮细胞的外侧是角质膜,外角质膜很厚,有多层,内角质膜极薄,且有很多微孔。透射电镜观察到成体内侧上皮有微毛及褶突,有输送血淋巴内营养物质及排除废物的功能。外侧上皮未发现特殊的构造。上皮内具特殊的胞器,线粒体能分生小线粒体、分层的球状体,还有具鳞片的分泌细胞,它们都产自外侧上皮。血腔内发现一种有核的变形细胞。内外上皮细胞间有纵横肌纤维,它们的伸缩可能与血淋巴循环有关。     

论中国传统技术观及与古代技术发达的背反

中国传统技术观是指中国古代封建社会长期流传并盛行的占统治和主导地位的对技术的基本看法和观念．本文分析了这种观念的六个负面．探讨、反思了中国古代技术发达的三大独特类型和传统技术观的内在联系及其悲剧性结局。以此力图阐明技术社会史上这二者之间难解的背反现象和成因．并希翼人们以史为镜,从负面的深刻教训中．在今天更牢固地树立“科学技术是第一生产力”的战略观念。     

钢纤维聚合物水泥砂浆力学性能试验研究

为了改善水泥砂浆的力学性能,在普通水泥砂浆中掺入工业废弃料粉煤灰、钢纤维和适量聚合物乳液等,拌合成高复合的水泥砂浆。研究结果表明,掺入不同的废弃掺合料,可以提高水泥砂浆的密实性,内部结构更加优化;当聚灰比为10%、粉煤灰掺量为20%、钢纤维体积掺量在0.9%时,试块的抗折、抗压强度都有一定程度的提高;双因素方差分析表明,提高钢纤维体积率可以增强试块的强度性能,并改善其延性;制作的混凝土瓦砖符合行业要求标准。     

Evolutions of diffusion activation energy and Zener–Hollomon parameter of ultra-high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy during hot compression

The changes of stress level for the ultra-high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy were described by constitutive equation with considering lattice diffusion of aluminum, zinc, magnesium and copper. Zener–Hollomon(Z)parameter expression based on the constitutive equation with considering lattice diffusion was used to reflect the changes of microstructure. The critical stress σcfor the initiation of dynamic recrystallization(DRX) was introduced to calculate the Z parameter. Steady-state dislocation density ρsatand critical dislocation density ρcfor the initiation of DRX decreased with the increase of deformation temperature. The dependence of diffusion activation energy Q on temperature and strain rate was given and the effects of deformation conditions on Q were discussed in detail. Microstructural evolution revealed that low angle boundaries(2–5°) created in the process of dynamic recovery(DRV) could convert into subgrain boundary, thus the original grains were divided into subgrains, and then subgrains transformed into DRX grains by the way of progressive rotation. When the Z value was high(ln Z 30.9), DRV was the main softening mechanism. With the decrease of Z value, both of DRV and DRX played an important roles in softening effect, while with the further decrease of Z value(ln Z 28.6), DRX became the main softening mechanism. Continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX) and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX) operated together under the condition of lower Z value, but CDRX was confirmed as the dominant DRX mechanism.