Phagosomes are competent organelles for antigen cross-presentation

The ability to process microbial antigens and present them at the surface of cells is an important aspect of our innate ability to clear infections. It is generally accepted that antigens in the cytoplasm are loaded in the endoplasmic reticulum and presented at the cell surface on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, whereas peptides present in endo/phagocytic compartments are presented on MHC class II molecules. Despite the apparent segregation of the class I and class II pathways, antigens from intracellular pathogens including mycobacteria, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Brucella abortus and Leishmania, have been shown to elicit an MHC class-I-dependent CD8+ T-cell response, a process referred to as cross-presentation. The cellular mechanisms allowing the cross-presentation pathway are poorly understood. Here we show that phagosomes display the elements and properties needed to be self-sufficient for the cross-presentation of exogenous antigens, a newly ascribed function linked to phagocytosis mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum.     

Artificial Boundary Method for Calculating Ship Wave Resistance

The calculation of wave resistance for a ship moving at constant speed near a free surface is considered. This wave resistance is calculated with a linearized steady potential model. To deal with the unboundedness of the physical domain in the potential flow problem, we introduce one vertical side as an artificial upstream boundary and two vertical sides as the artificial downstream boundaries. On the artificial boundaries, a sequence of high-order global artificial boundary conditions are given. Then the potential flow problem is reduced to a problem defined on a finite computational domain, which is equivalent to a variational problem. The solution of the variational problem by the finite element method gives the numerical approximation of the potential flow around the ship, which was used to calculate the wave resistance. The numerical examples show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed numerical scheme.     

Mixed Finite Element Method and Higher-Order Local Artificial Boundary Conditions for Exterior 3-D Poisson Equation

IntroductionAnalysis of partial differential equations on anunbounded domain often requires artificialboundaries to limit the problem to a boundedcomputational domain.Such situations can arise inmany applications such as geophysical calculationsinvolving …     

3H生物钟超日节律对图形命名测验一侧化效应的影响

采用半视野速示技术对被试进行连续8h图形命名测验，检查生物钟超日节律对大脑两半球机能优势效应的可能影响，结果表明：（1）14例被试明显表现出周期约为3h的左右脑半球优势节律；（2）其中7例被试表现为连续左视野（右半球）优势波动，另7例为左右视野（两半球）交叉优势波动；（3）女性被试的节律周期明显长于男性被试，且男性被试倾向于出现持续右半球优势波动，而女性被试倾向于出现两脑半球交叉优势波动。     

电脑与人脑

定义了电脑功能函数Ｃ（ｘｊ）与人脑功能函数Ｂ（ｘｊ），论证了△＝Ｂ－Ｃ〉０不等式关系，提出了发展电脑及人脑科学技术一条途径。     

关于绝对惯性参考系

本文分析了近代的“新以太”假说和绝对惯性参考系问题,并得出了狭义相对论仍保持有效的结论。     

工厂供电学的若干问题

导出了变压器的经济负荷与临界负荷的定量关系，分析了尖峰电流的两种计算方法，评价了电力系统的可靠性．     

非结构化信息数据库的恢复技术

介绍了一种针对非结构化信息数据库的恢复技术,初步设计了针对非结构化信息数据库的容错、故障恢复机制,设想采用非缓冲型日志设计,逻辑日志和物理日志相结合的形式,记录所有对数据库所作的操作及改变,降低日志记录的冗余以及对日志操作的复杂性,结合备份策略来提供各种故障的恢复服务.     

利手与两半球的听觉词汇语义加工

左右利手被试在双耳分听呈现条件下完成单个汉字具体名词(动物、物体和身体部位)的范畴归类任务, 检查不同利手者大脑两半球加工听觉词汇语义的大脑功能偏侧化与整合效应.结果显示:(1) 右利手被试用左手或右手反应在左耳内的错误率显著低于右耳内,提示存在明显的右半球优势;(2) 左利手被试用左手反应在左耳内的错误率也显著低于右耳内,但用右手反应在右耳内与左耳内的错误率差异不显著,提示两半球可能都有一定的听觉词汇语义加工能力;(3) 右利手被试用左手或右手反应在左-右耳间或右-左耳间的错误率均显著高于左耳内,而与右耳内没有差异,提示缺乏明显的语义加工在半球间的整合优势;(4) 左利手被试用右手反应在左-右耳间和右-左耳间的错误率均明显低于左耳内和右耳内,提示左利手被试的左半球可能具有更强的听觉词汇语义加工在半球间的整合能力.     

信息与系统

分析了信息的本质，揭示了信息与系统的关系，给出了系统的完善定义，介绍了系统的数学方法。