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31.
LIUYan HUYi-jun 《武汉大学学报:自然科学英文版》2004,9(4):399-403
We consider a risk model with a premium rate which varies with the level of free reserves. In this model, the occurrence of claims is described by a Cox process with Markov intensity process, and the influence of stochastic factors is considered by adding a diffusion process. The integro-differential equation for the ruin probability is derived by a infinitesimal method. 相似文献
32.
J. Bruce Brackenridge 《Archive for History of Exact Sciences》2003,57(4):313-336
In the 1687 Principia, Newton gave a solution to the direct problem (given the orbit and center of force, find the central force) for a conic-section
with a focal center of force (answer: a reciprocal square force) and for a spiral orbit with a polar center of force (answer:
a reciprocal cube force). He did not, however, give solutions for the two corresponding inverse problems (given the force
and center of force, find the orbit). He gave a cryptic solution to the inverse problem of a reciprocal cube force, but offered no solution for the reciprocal square force. Some take this omission as an indication that Newton could not solve the reciprocal square, for, they ask, why else
would he not select this important problem? Others claim that ``it is child's play' for him, as evidenced by his 1671 catalogue
of quadratures (tables of integrals). The answer to that question is obscured for all who attempt to work through Newton's
published solution of the reciprocal cube force because it is done in the synthetic geometric style of the 1687 Principia rather than in the analytic algebraic style that Newton employed until 1671. In response to a request from David Gregory
in 1694, however, Newton produced an analytic version of the body of the proof, but one which still had a geometric conclusion.
Newton's charge is to find both ``the orbit' and ``the time in orbit.' In the determination of the dependence of the time on orbital position, t(r), Newton
evaluated an integral of the form ∫dx/x
n
to calculate a finite algebraic equation for the area swept out as a function of the radius, but he did not write out the
analytic expression for time t = t(r), even though he knew that the time t is proportional to that area. In the determination
of the orbit, θ (r), Newton obtained an integral of the form ∫dx/√(1−x2) for the area that is proportional to the angle θ, an integral he had shown in his 1669 On Analysis by Infinite Equations to be equal to the arcsin(x). Since the solution must therefore contain a transcendental function, he knew that a finite
algebraic solution for θ=θ(r) did not exist for ``the orbit' as it had for ``the time in orbit.' In contrast to these two
solutions for the inverse cube force, however, it is not possible in the inverse square solution to generate a finite algebraic
expression for either ``the orbit' or ``the time in orbit.' In fact, in Lemma 28, Newton offers a demonstration that the
area of an ellipse cannot be given by a finite equation. I claim that the limitation of Lemma 28 forces Newton to reject the
inverse square force as an example and to choose instead the reciprocal cube force as his example in Proposition 41.
(Received August 14, 2002)
Published online March 26, 2003
Communicated by G. Smith 相似文献
33.
A 368- water molecule structure I gas hydrate, encased by the number of helium (He) molecules ranging from two to twenty-two, are calculated by molecular dynamical simulations. The potential TIP4P (transferable intermolecular potentical with four sites) is used for water interactions and Lennard-Jones for He-He and He-water interactions. He molecules do not affect the water lattice and can stabilize the hydrate when their concentration is small. A trough signature of He encased is found at 80~90 meV in the phonon density of states. He molecules prefer to be more off-center in 51262 cages. Heavier isotope He are energetically favorable to be filled in cages. 相似文献
34.
本文以教学研究为基础,系统研究不对称D—A反应区域选译性规律,并运用前线分子轨道理论,采用图解量子化学方法予以理论解析。 相似文献
35.
白兰瓜子叶和幼叶作为外植体直接诱导再生芽。讨论了不同种类和不同水平激素的作用、子叶上不同位置组织的差异、子叶与幼叶诱导频率的不同等。试验结果表明:生长素类激素和较高浓度的细胞分裂素激素类使子叶产生白色疏松的愈伤组织,MS+BA0.5ppm+Kt0.5ppm为诱导再生芽的最适培养基;子叶上不同部位组织的诱导率呈显著差异,近生长点端→远生长点端,诱导率由24.4%急剧下降至0%:幼叶的诱导率为27.4%,明显高于子叶9.7%的诱导率;不定芽的生根需极低浓度的Kt(0.01—0.05ppm)或不附加任何激素。 相似文献
36.
Zhongsheng WANG Zhigang ZENG Xiaoxin LIAODepartment of Control Science Engineering Huazhong University of Science Technology Wuhan Hubei P. R. China 《系统科学与系统工程学报(英文版)》2003,12(2):204-209
Some stability criteria are obtained for a class of uncertain systems with time-delay usingLyapunov functional and analytic techniques. It is easy to check the criteria by making use of theboundedness of the uncertainties. 相似文献
37.
Ju-liang ZHANG Jian CHENDepartment of Management Science EngineeringSchool of Economics Management Tsinghua University Beijing China. 《系统科学与系统工程学报(英文版)》2003,12(3):360-371
This paper investigates the impact of a secondary market, where retailers can buy and sell excessinventories, on the supply chain. We develop a two-period model with a single manufacturer and tworetailers. At the beginning of the first period the retailers order and receive products from themanufacturer, but at the beginning of the second period, they can trade surplus products betweenthemselves in the secondary market. We investigate the impact of the correlated dependence ofretailers' demand on both the quantity effect and the allocation effect under the secondary market.Lastly,we study potential strategies for the manufacturer to increase sales with the existence of thesecondary market. 相似文献
38.
FROM MANUFACTURING SCHEDULING TO SUPPLY CHAIN COORDINATION:THE CONTROL OF COMPLEXITY AND UNCERTAINTY
Peter B.LUH 《系统科学与系统工程学报(英文版)》2003,12(3):279-297
With time-based competition and rapid technology advancements, effective manufacturingscheduling and supply chain coordination are critical to quickly respond to changing marketconditions. These problems, however, are difficult in view of inherent complexity and variousuncertainties involved. Based on a series of results by the authors, decomposition and coordination byusing Lagrangian relaxation is identified in this paper as an effective way to control complexity anduncertainty.A manufacturing scheduling problem is first formulated within the job shop context withuncertain order arrivals, processing times, due dates, and part priorities as a separable optimizationproblem. A solution methodology that combines Lagrangian relaxation, stochastic dynamicprogramming, and heuristics is developed. Method improvements to effectively solve large problemsare also highlighted. To extend manufacturing scheduling within a factory to coordinate autonomicmembers across chains of suppliers, a decentralized supply chai 相似文献
39.
40.
对Lindel ff空间的闭子空间做了进一步的讨论,并从中给出Lindel ff空间与可分空间之间的关系,指出可分空间不一定是Lindel ff空间. 相似文献