换热器内随温度变化的黏度对两流体(火积)的影响

以橄榄油为例来研究黏度固定和黏度为温度函数的情况下黏性热效应对顺流换热器内两流体相似文献   

High-frequency, scaled graphene transistors on diamond-like carbon

Owing to its high carrier mobility and saturation velocity, graphene has attracted enormous attention in recent years. In particular, high-performance graphene transistors for radio-frequency (r.f.) applications are of great interest. Synthesis of large-scale graphene sheets of high quality and at low cost has been demonstrated using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) methods. However, very few studies have been performed on the scaling behaviour of transistors made from CVD graphene for r.f. applications, which hold great potential for commercialization. Here we report the systematic study of top-gated CVD-graphene r.f. transistors with gate lengths scaled down to 40 nm, the shortest gate length demonstrated on graphene r.f. devices. The CVD graphene was grown on copper film and transferred to a wafer of diamond-like carbon. Cut-off frequencies as high as 155 GHz have been obtained for the 40-nm transistors, and the cut-off frequency was found to scale as 1/(gate length). Furthermore, we studied graphene r.f. transistors at cryogenic temperatures. Unlike conventional semiconductor devices where low-temperature performance is hampered by carrier freeze-out effects, the r.f. performance of our graphene devices exhibits little temperature dependence down to 4.3 K, providing a much larger operation window than is available for conventional devices.     

Tumour hypoxia promotes tolerance and angiogenesis via CCL28 and T(reg) cells

Although immune mechanisms can suppress tumour growth, tumours establish potent, overlapping mechanisms that mediate immune evasion. Emerging evidence suggests a link between angiogenesis and the tolerance of tumours to immune mechanisms. Hypoxia, a condition that is known to drive angiogenesis in tumours, results in the release of damage-associated pattern molecules, which can trigger the rejection of tumours by the immune system. Thus, the counter-activation of tolerance mechanisms at the site of tumour hypoxia would be a crucial condition for maintaining the immunological escape of tumours. However, a direct link between tumour hypoxia and tolerance through the recruitment of regulatory cells has not been established. We proposed that tumour hypoxia induces the expression of chemotactic factors that promote tolerance. Here we show that tumour hypoxia promotes the recruitment of regulatory T (T(reg)) cells through induction of expression of the chemokine CC-chemokine ligand 28 (CCL28), which, in turn, promotes tumour tolerance and angiogenesis. Thus, peripheral immune tolerance and angiogenesis programs are closely connected and cooperate to sustain tumour growth.     

Spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

Spin-orbit (SO) coupling--the interaction between a quantum particle's spin and its momentum--is ubiquitous in physical systems. In condensed matter systems, SO coupling is crucial for the spin-Hall effect and topological insulators; it contributes to the electronic properties of materials such as GaAs, and is important for spintronic devices. Quantum many-body systems of ultracold atoms can be precisely controlled experimentally, and would therefore seem to provide an ideal platform on which to study SO coupling. Although an atom's intrinsic SO coupling affects its electronic structure, it does not lead to coupling between the spin and the centre-of-mass motion of the atom. Here, we engineer SO coupling (with equal Rashba and Dresselhaus strengths) in a neutral atomic Bose-Einstein condensate by dressing two atomic spin states with a pair of lasers. Such coupling has not been realized previously for ultracold atomic gases, or indeed any bosonic system. Furthermore, in the presence of the laser coupling, the interactions between the two dressed atomic spin states are modified, driving a quantum phase transition from a spatially spin-mixed state (lasers off) to a phase-separated state (above a critical laser intensity). We develop a many-body theory that provides quantitative agreement with the observed location of the transition. The engineered SO coupling--equally applicable for bosons and fermions--sets the stage for the realization of topological insulators in fermionic neutral atom systems.     

辉钼矿电氧化浸出液中Mo(Ⅵ)和Re(Ⅶ)的萃取

电氧化浸出辉钼矿技术具有浸出过程条件温和、金属回收率高、环境友好等特点,是一种很有应用前景的辉钼矿湿法分解新工艺,其中Mo(Ⅵ)和Re(Ⅶ)的萃取分离是该工艺的关键.文中以30%N235+20%仲辛醇+50%煤油为萃取剂,在萃取温度为室温、酸度为59g/L HCl、相比(W/O)为1:2时,Mo(Ⅵ)、Re(Ⅶ)单级萃...     

新型磺酸盐聚氨酯表面活性剂的制备及性能

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚醚二醇(PEG1000,PEG2000,PEG6000,PE6200)以及自制的新型磺酸盐二胺扩链剂为原料,采用丙酮法经预聚和扩链合成了4种新型水溶性磺酸盐聚氨酯高分子表面活性剂(PUS),采用FT-IR对产物的结构进行了分析,并对产物的表面张力、临界胶束浓度(CMC)、乳化性能、发泡性能...     

一种QoS感知的基于与或图的Web服务选择模型

本文对Web组合服务选择问题进行了研究.首先,在讨论基本服务之间的关系之后,重新定义了组合服务的QoS质量准则.然后,用与或图来描述基本服务之间的关系,构建基于与或图的QoS感知的组合服务选择模型.接着,提出一种新的基于蚁群算法的组合服务选择算法,新算法针对并行关系和分支关系同时存在的情形给出了解决方案.最后,通过实验...     

玉树地震房屋震害的几点启示

通过对玉树地震的房屋震害调查和分析,简要总结了玉树地震房屋震害特点,并对农牧民自建房的结构抗震,提出了自己的一些认识和看法.     

基于Hadoop的分布式日志分析系统

就如何防御泛洪攻击问题,建立了基于Hadoop的分布式日志分析系统.通过快速提炼访问日志中每个IP地址的请求次数,获取其中请求频率较大的异常IP以有效甄别攻击源,进而为解决泛洪攻击提供重要的现实依据.通过实验,我们不仅验证出分布式日志分析模式较单机模式的巨大时效性优势,还搭建由不同文件系统为基底的虚拟机担当Slaves...     

基于M-ANFIS-PNN的目标威胁评估模型

目标威胁评估的目的是根据目标的属性和状态信息对目标的威胁程度进行定量估计,为后续作战决策提供辅助支持。现有威胁评估模型大多依赖于数值信息,难以有效处理包含定性、定量数据的目标特征信息。基于此,提出一种改进的自适应模糊神经推理系统模型。在自适应模糊神经推理系统的基础上,引入前件影响矩阵和后件影响矩阵对定性数据进行处理,使得定量、定性数据的影响同时作用于模糊规则的前件参数和后件参数;为了进一步提高模型的输出精度,将自适应模糊神经推理系统的输出层替换为多项式神经网络;通过基于Gower距离的近邻传播聚类算法对改进模型进行结构辨识,确定模糊规则的初始参数。仿真实例验证了所提方法的有效性与可行性,与其他混合属性数据建模方法相比,所提方法具有较高的预测精度,可为作战指挥决策提供有效的辅助支持。