挤压工艺对可生物降解 Mg–5Zn–1.5Y 镁合金显微组织及力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响

本研究分析了挤压温度和挤压比对 Mg–5Zn–1.5Y 合金的显微组织、硬度、压缩和腐蚀行为的影响。显微组织观察表明,铸造合金由α-Mg晶粒和Mg₃Zn₆Y和Mg₃Zn₃Y₂金属间化合物组成,主要位于α-Mg晶界上。较高温度下的挤压合金显示出较粗的晶粒微观结构,而以较高比率挤压的合金含有较细的微观结构,尽管在两种条件下都测量到具有较低金属间化合物的更多动态再结晶晶粒。较低温度 (340°C) 和较高比率 (1:11.5) 的组合条件提供了较高的抗压强度。然而,没有实现显着的硬度改善。挤压工艺可以降低铸造合金在模拟体液中的腐蚀率超过 80%,这主要是由于细化了微观结构。与挤压比相比,挤压温度对耐腐蚀性能的影响更为显着,挤压温度越高,耐腐蚀性能越高。     

Culture of a new medicinal leech: growth,survival and reproduction of Hirudo orientalis Utevsky and Trontelj, 2005 under laboratory conditions

The increasing demands for medicinal leeches around the world has increased the need for new sources of leeches. To assess the feasibility of culturing a new medicinal leech species, growth, survival and reproduction of Hirudo orientalis was investigated under laboratory conditions (28°C; 9.5D:14.5L light regime; monthly feeding by sheep blood) from hatching until sexual maturity. Several interesting results emerged from this study. (1) The first copulation was observed in 5.5-month-old leeches and cocoon deposition started by six months. (2) Cocoon length and diameter did not differ significantly between six- and nine-month-old leeches, but the percentage of leeches depositing cocoons was significantly higher in the nine-month old group. (3) The growth curve was saltatory, similar to other sanguivorous species. The mean (±SE) wet weight of 6-month-old individuals was 4.70 (±0.86) g. (4) Weight gain rate decreased with increasing age. (5) Mortality only occurred in the one-, seven- and eight-month age groups at the rate of 5.7%, 23.1% and 14.3%, respectively.     

Effects of -NO2 and -NH2 functional groups in mixed-linker Zr-based MOFs on gas adsorption of CO2 and CH4

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of mixing BDC-NO_2 and BDC-NH_2 linkers in the synthesis of Zrbased metal organic frameworks(Zr-MOFs) on their adsorption and separation of CO_2 and CH_4. Ui O-66 with single or binary-NO_2 and-NH2 samples were synthesized under solvothermal conditions and activated by solvent exchanging using methanol. Structural analyses of the materials were conducted using FTIR, XRD, TGA,SEM,1 HNMR and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques and adsorption of CO_2 and CH_4 at high pressures and different temperatures(273 and 298 K) was investigated. It was found that Ui O-66-NH2 exhibited higher CO_2 and CH_4 adsorption capacities than those of Ui O-66-NO_2. Addition of-NH_2 functional group in Ui O-66-NO_2 could enhance CO_2 and CH_4 adsorption due to the extra CO_2 adsorption sites of-NH_2 functional groups. Addition of-NO_2 functional group to Ui O-66-NH2 at a low loading could also increase CO_2 and CH_4 adsorption, however,a high loading of NO_2 functional group to Ui O-66-NH2 would result in decreased adsorption.     

Diffusion mechanism in molten salt baths during the production of carbide coatings via thermal reactive diffusion

The diffusion mechanism of carbide-forming elements from a molten salt bath to a substrate surface was studied in this research, with particular focus on the processes occurring in the molten bath at the time of coating. Metal, oxide, and metal-oxide baths were investigated, and the coating process was performed on H13 steel substrates. Scanning electron microscopy and electron-probe microanalysis were used to study the coated samples and the quenched salt bath. The thickness of the carbide coating layer was 6.5 ±0.5, 5.2 ±0.5, or 5.7 ±0.5 μm depending on whether it was deposited in a metal, oxide, or metal-oxide bath, respectively. The phase distribution of vanadium-rich regions was 63%, 57%, and 74% of the total coating deposited in metal, oxide, and metal-oxide baths, respectively. The results obtained using the metal bath indicated that undissolved suspended metal particles deposited onto the substrate surface. Then, carbon subsequently diffused to the substrate surface and reacted with the metal particles to form the carbides. In the oxide bath, oxide powders dissolved in the bath with or without binding to the oxidative structure (Na₂O) of borax; they were then reduced by aluminum and converted into metal particles. We concluded that, in the metal and oxide baths, the deposition of metal particles onto the sample surface is an important step in the formation of the coating.     

Use of centrifugal-gravity concentration for rejection of talc and recovery improvement in base-metal flotation

The possibility of using a centrifugal-gravity concentrator to reject Mg-bearing minerals and minimize metal losses in the flotation of base metals was evaluated. Sample characterization, batch scoping tests, pilot-scale tests, and regrind-flotation tests were conducted on a Ni flotation tailings stream. Batch tests revealed that the Mg grade decreased dramatically in the concentrate products. Pilot-scale testing of a continuous centrifugal concentrator (Knelson CVD6) on the flotation tailings revealed that a concentrate with a low mass yield, low Mg content, and high Ni upgrade ratio could be achieved. Under optimum conditions, a concentrate at 6.7% mass yield was obtained with 0.85% Ni grade at 12.9% Ni recovery and with a low Mg distribution (1.7%). Size partition curves demonstrated that the CVD also operated as a size classifier, enhancing the rejection of talc fines. Overall, the CVD was capable of rejecting Mg-bearing minerals. Moreover, an opportunity exists for the novel use of centrifugal-gravity concentration for scavenging flotation tailings and/or after comminution to minimize amount of Mg-bearing minerals reporting to flotation.     

Positional cloning uncovers mutations in PLCE1 responsible for a nephrotic syndrome variant that may be reversible

Nephrotic syndrome, a malfunction of the kidney glomerular filter, leads to proteinuria, edema and, in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, end-stage kidney disease. Using positional cloning, we identified mutations in the phospholipase C epsilon gene (PLCE1) as causing early-onset nephrotic syndrome with end-stage kidney disease. Kidney histology of affected individuals showed diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS). Using immunofluorescence, we found PLCepsilon1 expression in developing and mature glomerular podocytes and showed that DMS represents an arrest of normal glomerular development. We identified IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 as a new interaction partner of PLCepsilon1. Two siblings with a missense mutation in an exon encoding the PLCepsilon1 catalytic domain showed histology characteristic of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Notably, two other affected individuals responded to therapy, making this the first report of a molecular cause of nephrotic syndrome that may resolve after therapy. These findings, together with the zebrafish model of human nephrotic syndrome generated by plce1 knockdown, open new inroads into pathophysiology and treatment mechanisms of nephrotic syndrome.     

Optimization of Cutting Parameters for Face Milling Titanium Alloy Using MQL

When using MQL as a cooling technique, many parameters have to be adjusted. The Taguchi method was used in this study to investigate the cutting characteristics of face milling of titanium alloys using PVD-coated inserts. To find the optimal volume removed and surface roughness, an orthogonal array, the signal-to-noise （S/N） ratio and the analysis of variance （ANOVA） were employed. The optimum cutting parameters was obtained. Throughout this study, it was found that the feed rate is the most influencing cutting parameter in the face milling of titanium alloys.     

伊朗Lorestan省粉虱物种多样性研究（半翅目：粉虱科）

粉虱（半翅目：粉虱科）是一类通过吸食植物体汁和传播病毒危害农作物的害虫。本文研究了伊朗西部Lorestan省的这一类具重要经济意义的粉虱类群物种多样性，调查了16属27种粉虱，进行了种类鉴定研究，包括种的异名和分布。     

Physicochemical characteristics of various milk samples available in Pakistan

We report physicochemical characteristics of various kinds of liquid milk commercially available in Pakistan in comparison with those of fresh natural milk from animals. Milk samples were collected from local markets at Peshawar, Pakistan, and analyzed for their physical features, including moisture, total solids, specific gravity, conductivity, viscosity and titratable acidity （lactic acid equivalent）, and chemical components and macro-minerals, including total protein, casein, lactose, ash and minerals （Na, K and Mg）. These items were compared with the physicochemical characteristics of the fresh natural milk samples from buffalo, cow and goat. The results were also compared with reported nutritional quality of milk from various countries and World Health Organization （WHO） standards. We found that all the physical features and chemical components of commercially available milk in Pakistan markets meet WHO＇s requirements, except for Na, K, Ca and Mg, which are below the standards.     

Antibacterial and antifungal activities of different parts of Tribulus terrestris L. growing in Iraq

Antimicrobial activity of organic and aqueous extracts from fruits, leaves and roots of Tribulus terrestris L., an Iraqi medicinal plant used as urinary anti-infective in folk medicine, was examined against I l species of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms： Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans using microdilution method in 96 multiwell microtiter plates. All the extracts from the different parts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most tested microorganisms. The most active extract against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was ethanol extract from the fruits with a minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） value of 0.15 mg/ml against B. subtilis, B. cereus, P. vulgaris and C. diphtheriae. In addition, the same extract from the same plant part demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity against C. albicans with an MIC value of 0.15 mg/ml.