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81.
Stratigraphic,chronological and behavioural contexts of Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash,Ethiopia 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Clark JD Beyene Y WoldeGabriel G Hart WK Renne PR Gilbert H Defleur A Suwa G Katoh S Ludwig KR Boisserie JR Asfaw B White TD 《Nature》2003,423(6941):747-752
Clarifying the geographic, environmental and behavioural contexts in which the emergence of anatomically modern Homo sapiens occurred has proved difficult, particularly because Africa lacked adequate geochronological, palaeontological and archaeological evidence. The discovery of anatomically modern Homo sapiens fossils at Herto, Ethiopia, changes this. Here we report on stratigraphically associated Late Middle Pleistocene artefacts and fossils from fluvial and lake margin sandstones of the Upper Herto Member of the Bouri Formation, Middle Awash, Afar Rift, Ethiopia. The fossils and artefacts are dated between 160,000 and 154,000 years ago by precise age determinations using the 40Ar/39Ar method. The archaeological assemblages contain elements of both Acheulean and Middle Stone Age technocomplexes. Associated faunal remains indicate repeated, systematic butchery of hippopotamus carcasses. Contemporary adult and juvenile Homo sapiens fossil crania manifest bone modifications indicative of deliberate mortuary practices. 相似文献
82.
N. K. Hart J. A. Lamberton A. A. Sioumis H. Suares A. A. Seawright 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1976,32(4):412-413
Summary The taxa ofLantana camara toxic to animals contain lantadene A and lantadene B, whereas in two nontoxic taxa other triterpenes predominate. Several new triterpenes have been characterized. Contrary to earlier claims, lantadene A and to a lesser extent lantadene B are toxic when administered intraruminally to sheep. 相似文献
83.
Summary Chick embryos from vitamin D-deficient hens given physiological doses of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or both become severely hypocalcemic, hyperphosphatemic and fail to hatch as compared to those derived from hens given 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,25-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Calvariae from the former contain less mineral and on incubation in vitro produce significantly lower calcium and higher phosphate concentration in the medium than do the calvariae derived from the embryos of hens supported on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3. 相似文献
84.
EEG alpha rhythms and susceptibility to hypnosis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
85.
The observation that one hemisphere of Mars is lower and has a thinner crust than the other (the 'martian hemispheric dichotomy') has been a puzzle for 30 years. The dichotomy may have arisen as a result of internal mechanisms such as convection. Alternatively, it may have been caused by one or several giant impacts, but quantitative tests of the impact hypothesis have not been published. Here we use a high-resolution, two-dimensional, axially symmetric hydrocode to model vertical impacts over a range of parameters appropriate to early Mars. We propose that the impact model, in addition to excavating a crustal cavity of the correct size, explains two other observations. First, crustal disruption at the impact antipode is probably responsible for the observed antipodal decline in magnetic field strength. Second, the impact-generated melt forming the northern lowlands crust is predicted to derive from a deep, depleted mantle source. This prediction is consistent with characteristics of martian shergottite meteorites and suggests a dichotomy formation time approximately 100 Myr after martian accretion, comparable to that of the Moon-forming impact on Earth. 相似文献
86.
Zody MC Garber M Adams DJ Sharpe T Harrow J Lupski JR Nicholson C Searle SM Wilming L Young SK Abouelleil A Allen NR Bi W Bloom T Borowsky ML Bugalter BE Butler J Chang JL Chen CK Cook A Corum B Cuomo CA de Jong PJ DeCaprio D Dewar K FitzGerald M Gilbert J Gibson R Gnerre S Goldstein S Grafham DV Grocock R Hafez N Hagopian DS Hart E Norman CH Humphray S Jaffe DB Jones M Kamal M Khodiyar VK LaButti K Laird G Lehoczky J Liu X Lokyitsang T Loveland J Lui A Macdonald P Major JE Matthews L Mauceli E 《Nature》2006,440(7087):1045-1049
Chromosome 17 is unusual among the human chromosomes in many respects. It is the largest human autosome with orthology to only a single mouse chromosome, mapping entirely to the distal half of mouse chromosome 11. Chromosome 17 is rich in protein-coding genes, having the second highest gene density in the genome. It is also enriched in segmental duplications, ranking third in density among the autosomes. Here we report a finished sequence for human chromosome 17, as well as a structural comparison with the finished sequence for mouse chromosome 11, the first finished mouse chromosome. Comparison of the orthologous regions reveals striking differences. In contrast to the typical pattern seen in mammalian evolution, the human sequence has undergone extensive intrachromosomal rearrangement, whereas the mouse sequence has been remarkably stable. Moreover, although the human sequence has a high density of segmental duplication, the mouse sequence has a very low density. Notably, these segmental duplications correspond closely to the sites of structural rearrangement, demonstrating a link between duplication and rearrangement. Examination of the main classes of duplicated segments provides insight into the dynamics underlying expansion of chromosome-specific, low-copy repeats in the human genome. 相似文献