基于混合DBN的海上编队通信链路威胁估计

针对海上编队通信链路威胁估计涉及因素多、知识表示与推理存在不确定性等问题,分析了海上编队通信链路威胁要素,依据要素间因果关系建立了通信链路威胁估计的混合动态贝叶斯网络(DBN)模型,提出了混合DBN模型中连续型网络节点变量的学习方法。仿真分析证实了该方法的有效性和可操作性。     

A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs

We describe the Phase II HapMap, which characterizes over 3.1 million human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 270 individuals from four geographically diverse populations and includes 25-35% of common SNP variation in the populations surveyed. The map is estimated to capture untyped common variation with an average maximum r2 of between 0.9 and 0.96 depending on population. We demonstrate that the current generation of commercial genome-wide genotyping products captures common Phase II SNPs with an average maximum r2 of up to 0.8 in African and up to 0.95 in non-African populations, and that potential gains in power in association studies can be obtained through imputation. These data also reveal novel aspects of the structure of linkage disequilibrium. We show that 10-30% of pairs of individuals within a population share at least one region of extended genetic identity arising from recent ancestry and that up to 1% of all common variants are untaggable, primarily because they lie within recombination hotspots. We show that recombination rates vary systematically around genes and between genes of different function. Finally, we demonstrate increased differentiation at non-synonymous, compared to synonymous, SNPs, resulting from systematic differences in the strength or efficacy of natural selection between populations.     

Genome-wide detection and characterization of positive selection in human populations

With the advent of dense maps of human genetic variation, it is now possible to detect positive natural selection across the human genome. Here we report an analysis of over 3 million polymorphisms from the International HapMap Project Phase 2 (HapMap2). We used 'long-range haplotype' methods, which were developed to identify alleles segregating in a population that have undergone recent selection, and we also developed new methods that are based on cross-population comparisons to discover alleles that have swept to near-fixation within a population. The analysis reveals more than 300 strong candidate regions. Focusing on the strongest 22 regions, we develop a heuristic for scrutinizing these regions to identify candidate targets of selection. In a complementary analysis, we identify 26 non-synonymous, coding, single nucleotide polymorphisms showing regional evidence of positive selection. Examination of these candidates highlights three cases in which two genes in a common biological process have apparently undergone positive selection in the same population:LARGE and DMD, both related to infection by the Lassa virus, in West Africa;SLC24A5 and SLC45A2, both involved in skin pigmentation, in Europe; and EDAR and EDA2R, both involved in development of hair follicles, in Asia.     

2.4GHz非对称缝隙波导天线设计

无线网络技术在近年得到蓬勃发展,而目前无线设备的天线限制了无线通信系统的性能.针对现有无线局域网设备天线增益效果差、传输距离短、成本较高的不足,采用波导缝隙天线原理设计用于2.4 GHz的无线网络通信的非对称波导缝隙天线,为适应不同场合使用要求,设计了6种造型.在理论设计的基础上,采用常见铝合金材料,使用数控铣床加工出试验品,经反复试验和优化,制作出较为成熟的产品.在校园内架设试验网络测试表明:天线增益效果明显,信号传输距离和范围与现有产品比较有很大提升,稳定性好,抵抗恶劣环境能力较强,能够满足正常使用要求,材料成本低廉,便于生产加工.     

椎弓根钉系统复位固定椎间融合治疗11例多节段腰椎滑脱

目的:探讨椎弓根钉系统复位固定椎间植骨融合治疗多节段腰椎滑脱的临床价值和相关问题。方法:11例多节段腰椎滑脱患者,男6例,女5例,年龄43~58岁,平均52.5岁,均为L4、5椎体滑脱,采用后路椎弓根螺钉系统复位固定,椎管减压,神经根松解,椎间植骨融合手术。术前、术后行腰腿痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),使用Os-westry功能障碍指数(OD I)问卷调查表评价临床功能恢复情况,并通过影像学检查观察滑脱恢复情况、椎间孔高度、植骨融合情况综合评价临床疗效。结果:11例患者均获随访,随访时间1~5年,平均3年2个月,VAS评分术后(1.0±1.0)分及末次随访(1.0±0.5)分,较术前(8.0±1.5)分均有显著性差异(P<0.005);OD I术后(22.13±13.40)及末次随访(20.31±13.27),较术前(64.80±15.68)均有显著差异(P<0.005)。术后椎间隙、椎间孔高度术后较术前明显增高,无内固定松动或断钉断棒;所有病例复位满意,所有患者植骨融合良好,无假关节形成。结论:后路椎弓根钉系统复位固定,椎管减压,神经根松解,椎间植骨融合治疗多节段腰椎滑脱效果满意,该术式具有复位良好,固定牢靠,...     

采用BP神经网络的基波高精度检测方法

提出一种基于BP(Back Propagation)神经网络的电网基波频率和幅值的高精度检测方法。正弦信号过零点两侧对称两点连线与时间轴的交点和频率满足单调关系,但并非严格的线性关系,而且与幅值无关,据此用BP神经网络建立该交点与频率的映射关系,并提出了对称点优化选取方法。仿真表明,提出的算法对频率的检测精度达到10-4,幅值的检测精度高达10-5,远远高于普通傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transfromation, FFT)算法和FFT加Hanning窗算法;随机噪声和谐波对该方法测量精度的影响很小,具有较强的抗干扰能力。     

基于分方向选择搜索的多目标进化算法

Pareto 解空间为分区域连续时,基于极大极小策略和确定权重的多目标进化算法在进化的每一代都会在无最优解的区域搜索解点.为解决此问题,文中提出了一种新的判断机制,根据每个权重在不同方向上选取的解点集来判断权重对应的Pareto有效解区域是否存在最优解点,并以此来调整搜索的区域;为了避免算法陷入局部收敛和种群早熟,提出...     

锥体下落过程的空气阻力

运用流体粘滞阻力公式,对Re＜1,103＜Re＜105等情况下自由落体的流体粘滞阻力作了推导;通过实验及数值模拟法研究了理想锥体不同锥角、不同母线的自由下落过程,实验结果与理论推导基本吻合,时间误差为0.04s.     

铁氰化钴/铁复合膜修饰电极的制备及应用

采用电化学方法制备了铁氰化钴/铁(Fe/CoHCF)复合膜修饰电极,研究了该修饰电极的电化学性质及其电催化活性,实验表明该复合物不是铁氰化钴与普鲁士蓝(PB)的简单混合物,而是钴、铁共沉积形成的多核铁氰化物.该修饰电极对H2O2具有良好的电化学响应,安培法测定H2O2的线性范围为5.0×10 7～3.7×10 3mol.L 1,检测限(3sb,n=11)为2.0×10 7mol.L 1,灵敏度为44.5μA.(mmol.L 1)1.该法已用于模拟水样中H2O2含量的测定,结果满意.     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取红曲米中水溶性色素

研究了红曲米中水溶性色素的超声波辅助提取法的提取工艺.在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法研究了超声时间、液料比和超声功率对提取液色价的影响,建立了二次回归模型,得到了提取工艺的最优条件.研究结果表明以上3因素对红曲米中水溶性色素的提取均有显著影响.在提取工艺条件:超声时间为20.6 min,液料比为32.2∶1,超声功率为730 W下提取,红曲米中水溶性色素的色价达到最大值,为570.5 U/g.