Pre-selecting young bulls before progeny-testing with marker-assisted BLUP

Suppose that a QTL affecting milk production trait or dairy cattle has been identified,and the relative distances between the QTL and the markers are hnown without error.The relative efficiency of pre-selection of young bulls before progeny-testing with marker-assisted BLUP(MBLUP) over conventional progeny-testing(i.e.random selection before progeny-testing)for five generations was studied using Monte Carlo simulation.Different numbers of QTL alleles(two or infinite),initial frequencies of the favorable QTL allele(0.1 and 0.5,when the QTL has two alleles),distances between the adjacent markers(5 cM or 20 cM),and ratios of the QTL variance to the genetic variance(10%,25%,and 50%)were considered in the simulation.The results showed that the relative efficiency of MBLUP was higher when the marker distance was 5 cM than that when the distance was 20 cM.The larger the QTL alleic effect,the lower the MBLUP efficiency.The relative superiority of MBLUP was higher when the QTL had two alleles and the frequency of the favorable QTL allele was low in the base population.The relative superiority of MBLUP decreased with th progress of generation in all cases and the decreasing rate was getting higher with the increase of marker density and QTL effect.     

Real time monitoring of nucleic acids ligation based on molecular beacon

The replication, ligation and repair of nucleic acids are essential life processes that based the survival, pro-creation and evolution of creatures. These interactions involving proteins (enzymes) and nucleic acids have fas-cinated great interest of scientists[1]. The nucleic acids ligation has been revealed that it is catalyzed by ligase and co-enzyme (ATP or NAD)[2—4]. Along with in-depth re-search, the nucleic acids ligation becomes a significant and common tool employed in bioengineerin…     

Msx2 deficiency in mice causes pleiotropic defects in bone growth and ectodermal organ formation

The composite structure of the mammalian skull, which forms predominantly via intramembranous ossification, requires precise pre- and post-natal growth regulation of individual calvarial elements. Disturbances of this process frequently cause severe clinical manifestations in humans. Enhanced DNA binding by a mutant MSX2 homeodomain results in a gain of function and produces craniosynostosis in humans. Here we show that Msx2-deficient mice have defects of skull ossification and persistent calvarial foramen. This phenotype results from defective proliferation of osteoprogenitors at the osteogenic front during calvarial morphogenesis, and closely resembles that associated with human MSX2 haploinsufficiency in parietal foramina (PFM). Msx2-/- mice also have defects in endochondral bone formation. In the axial and appendicular skeleton, post-natal deficits in Pth/Pthrp receptor (Pthr) signalling and in expression of marker genes for bone differentiation indicate that Msx2 is required for both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Consistent with phenotypes associated with PFM, Msx2-mutant mice also display defective tooth, hair follicle and mammary gland development, and seizures, the latter accompanied by abnormal development of the cerebellum. Most Msx2-mutant phenotypes, including calvarial defects, are enhanced by genetic combination with Msx1 loss of function, indicating that Msx gene dosage can modify expression of the PFM phenotype. Our results provide a developmental basis for PFM and demonstrate that Msx2 is essential at multiple sites during organogenesis.     

Functional haploinsufficiency of the human homeobox gene MSX2 causes defects in skull ossification

The genetic analysis of congenital skull malformations provides insight into normal mechanisms of calvarial osteogenesis. Enlarged parietal foramina (PFM) are oval defects of the parietal bones caused by deficient ossification around the parietal notch, which is normally obliterated during the fifth fetal month. PFM are usually asymptomatic, but may be associated with headache, scalp defects and structural or vascular malformations of the brain. Inheritance is frequently autosomal dominant, but no causative mutations have been identified in non-syndromic cases. We describe here heterozygous mutations of the homeobox gene MSX2 (located on 5q34-q35) in three unrelated families with PFM. One is a deletion of approximately 206 kb including the entire gene and the others are intragenic mutations of the DNA-binding homeodomain (RK159-160del and R172H) that predict disruption of critical intramolecular and DNA contacts. Mouse Msx2 protein with either of the homeodomain mutations exhibited more than 85% reduction in binding to an optimal Msx2 DNA-binding site. Our findings contrast with the only described MSX2 homeodomain mutation (P148H), associated with craniosynostosis, that binds with enhanced affinity to the same target. This demonstrates that MSX2 dosage is critical for human skull development and suggests that PFM and craniosynostosis result, respectively, from loss and gain of activity in an MSX2-mediated pathway of calvarial osteogenic differentiation.     

NGN(软交换)业务简介及发展预测

结合工作实践中对各大运营商的了解及对用户需求等的管理分析经验,对NGN技术及业务发展的现状进行论述。     

浅析煤矿企业人力资源管理

本章通过对国有大型企业人力资源管理现状分析，简述了其优势与弊端，并对人才开发与利用的“选人、育人、用人、留人”等环节进行了逐一探讨。     

山西煤炭私营业主生活满意感调查

运用《生活满意感量表》,对山西省200名煤炭私营业主进行抽样调查,考察了山西省煤炭私营业主的生活满意感的基本情况.     

基于DNS通信数据挖掘的Botnet检测方法研究

利用僵尸网络（Botnet）进行的各种恶意活动如DDoS、垃圾邮件、网络钓鱼等成为一个现实且发展迅速的问题.本文提出了一种通过分析DNS通信检测僵尸网络的方法.因为DNS通信中包含的信息有限,通常不易区分一个DNS查询是由正常的还是恶意的活动引起,为此我们使用RIPPER算法对DNS通信数据进行挖掘.系统在真实校园网环境中的测试结果验证了此方法的有效性,给出了使用数据挖掘方法建立快速准确的僵尸网络检测系统的可能.     

延期付款条件下两货栈库存优化模型

已有的两货栈库存模型通常不考虑延期支付.然而,延期支付现象比较常见.特别是零售企业,延期支付货款相当普遍,延期支付成为库存管理者决策时考虑的一个重要因素.本文首次通过考虑延期支付而将已有两货栈库存模型作了进一步扩展,为零售商实际的库存管理决策提供理论依据.     

吸收能力与竞争企业研发投资及方式选择

竞争企业间的R＆D联盟已经成为企业技术创新的重要策略.为了揭示联盟内竞争企业在吸收能力、研发方式、研发投资之间的关系,提出了一个三阶段博弈模型.首先企业选择R＆D方式;然后,企业决定他们的R＆D支出;最后,企业在市场上进行古诺产量竞争.分析了竞争企业间吸收能力与企业R＆D方式、R＆D投资之间的交互作用,以及这种交互作用对企业利润的影响.结果表明,竞争的企业倾向于采用某种非专有的R＆D方式以实现企业之间知识的流动,这种知识的流动有助于竞争企业双方利润的提高.企业通过R＆D方式专有性的选择,使企业摆脱过分投资和投资不足的囚徒困境.