Prediction of sites under adaptive evolution in flavin-containing monooxygenases: Selection pattern revisited

Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), like cytochrome P450 (CYP), is a monooxygenase that uses the reducing equivalents of NADPH to reduce one atom of molecular oxygen to water, while the other atom is used to oxidize the substrate. Recently, it was shown that some CYP isoforms have been subject to positive selection. However, it is unknown whether the highly conserved phase I detoxification enzyme, FMO, has undergone similar positive Darwinian selection. We used maximum-likelihood models of codon substitution, evolutionary fingerprinting, and cross species comparison to investigate the occurrence of adaptive evolution in FMO sequences. We used recent genomic data from a range of species, including vertebrates and invertebrates. We present the evidence for the occurrence of adaptive evolution in mammalian FMO 3, 4, 5, and fugu FMOs but not in mammalian FMO 1, FMO 2, frog FMOs, other fish FMOs and invertebrate FMOs. The sites under adaptive evolution were significantly associated with the insertion domain in mammalian FMO 5. We identified specific amino acid sites in FMOs 3–5 that are likely targets for selection based on the patterns of parallel amino acid change. The most likely role of adaptive evolution is the repair of mutations that permitted optimal NADP+ binding and improved catalytic efficiency. The occurrence of positive selection during the evolution of phase I detoxification enzymes such as FMOs 3–5 and fugu FMO suggests the occurrence of both high selection pressure acting on species within their unique habitats and significant changes in intensity and direction (forms of xenobiotics and drugs) resulting from changes in microhabitat and food.     

Comprehensive optimal control on seismic response of a single-tower self-anchored suspension bridge

Earthquake may cause severe damage to all kinds of bridge such as the falling down of the girder; therefore,effective measures should be employed to control the seismic displacement. In this paper,the method of comprehensive optimal control,com-bined with analytic hierarchy process,is employed to investigate the seismic response control of the Nanjing Jiangxinzhou Bridge,which is a single-tower self-anchored suspension bridge (SSSB). Also,3-dimensional nonlinear seismic response analyses are con-ducted. Three types of practical connection measures for seismic response control of SSSB are investigated,and the optimal pa-rameters of the connection devices are achieved by this method. Results show that both the elastic connection devices and the damp-ers with rational parameters can reduce the seismic displacement of the bridge effectively,but the elastic connection devices will in-crease the seismic force of the tower. When all factors are consid-ered,the optimal measure is by using the elastic connection devices and the dampers together. These results can provide references for seismic response control of SSSBs.     

加强艺术与医学的交叉,促进艺术人才培训的科学进程——2010年全国艺术医学学术研讨会议参会感言

本文为笔者参加中国艺术医学协会第六次理事工作会议-暨全国艺术医学学术研讨会后的一些心得体会,获益匪浅。笔者将把参加会议的收获带到工作中去,为艺术学科的发展发挥应有的作用。     

关于企业环境治理中管理作用的思考

随着社会的飞速发展,人们对资源的需求日益增多,面对资源过度开发的现象,如何保持经济发展与环境保护的平衡成为当前必须面对的问题。探讨了改善内部因素的方法,提出了完善外部政策环境的建议,包括要鼓励和吸引多方成为环保主体、政策要协调一致并前后统一、政策执行时要及时监督、环保规章制度及政策要有多元化执行思路等。     

弹性碰撞的图示分析法

通过引入牵连动量和相对动量等物理量,用图示分析法研究了弹性碰撞.研究结果表明,该方法可以形象而直观地描述弹性碰撞的过程和结果,对弹性碰撞的理论研究和实际应用都有重要的意义.     

《数值分析》课程教学改革探讨

介绍《数值分析》教学中存在的教学内容多与教学课时少、重理论轻实践和教学手段与考核方式单一等问题.针对这些问题,我们在《数值分析》课程教学中提出相应的教学内容、教学手段和考核方式的改进措施.     

Earliest record of megaphylls and leafy structures, and their initial diversification

Evolutionary changes in the structure of leaves have had far-reaching effects on the anatomy and physiology of vascular plants, resulting in morphological diversity and species expansion. People have long been interested in the question of the nature of the morphology of early leaves and how they were attained. At least five lineages of euphyllophytes can be recognized among the Early Devonian fossil plants (Pragian age, ca. 410 Ma ago) of South China. Their different leaf precursors or "branch-leaf complexes" are believed to foreshadow true megaphylls with different venation patterns and configurations, indicating that multiple origins of megaphylls had occurred by the Early Devonian, much earlier than has previously been recognized. In addition to megaphylls in euphyllophytes, the laminate leaf-like appendages (sporophylls or bracts) occurred independently in several distantly related Early Devonian plant lineages, probably as a response to ecological factors such as high atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. This is a typical example of convergent evolution in early plants.     

CA砂浆施工技术

随着国家高速铁路建设的快速发展,无砟轨道得到了广泛应用,在博格板和底座板/水硬性支承层之间用一种特殊的沥青水泥砂浆(BZM)填充。CA砂浆是直接关系到运行寿命的关键技术。通过对现场的实践摸索和提炼,使CA砂浆在准备、封边、搅拌与灌浆效率有了显著提高,为安全质量提供了保证。     

基于f可调δ-P1近似的生物组织光学特性参数的解析

呈现一种基于可调f参数的δ-P1近似理论,结合自适应遗传算法和非线性曲线拟合,获得生物组织光学特性参数(吸收系数、散射系数和各向异性因子)的多步非线性优化算法;其中关键步骤是第一步采用自适应遗传算法精确地确定自由程,而优化用到数据来源于蒙德卡洛模拟(MC).结果表明,结合可调f参数的δ-P1近似理论,采用以自适应遗传为主的算法可以大大减少生物组织光学特性参数的估计误差.