我国会计国际化的主要障碍及对策

指出了目前我国会计国际化的主要障碍,探讨了加快我国会计国际化的对策。     

瓦斯尾巷底鼓机理及底鼓量构成分析

贺西煤矿3303工作面回采过程中,瓦斯尾巷底鼓严重,影响下一工作面正常使用,致使采掘接续紧张。本文以贺西煤矿3303工作面为背景,深入分析巷道底鼓影响因素,剖析瓦斯尾巷底鼓机理,并对瓦斯尾巷底鼓量构成进行分析。根据对瓦斯尾巷底鼓影响因素、底鼓机理及底鼓量构成分析,为后续瓦斯尾巷底鼓治理提供理论依据。     

类比论证的特征及其评价标准

尽管隐喻和类比都属于科学的逻辑,但隐喻是创造相似性的,因此,如何评价一个隐喻的好坏,尚无公认的标准。而类比论证的基本特征是基于(已接受的)相似性的推理,从而可以对它给出相关评价。Bartha近来提出类比论证的评价标准和程序,他提出的标准主要包括先验关联和泛化潜力两个方面的。以达尔文的人工选择和自然选择的类比为例表明Bartha的标准和程序可以用于说明科学知识的变化问题。     

浅谈高校图书馆的创新服务

通过分析高等学校图书馆读者对象的需求变化,阐述了图书馆传统管理模式面临的主要问题,探讨了图书馆在服务上不断创新、不断提高、不断延伸的必要性和可行性。     

氧化硅基底负载TiO2薄膜的制备及其光催化应用研究

以钛酸丁酯为钛源，乙酰丙酮和冰醋酸为水解抑制剂，聚乙二醇为致孔剂，制备了一种稳定的TiO₂水溶胶。采用浸渍提拉法将TiO₂溶胶负载到活化的载玻片上，再经180℃水热或500℃煅烧得到TiO₂薄膜催化剂。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线晶体衍射（XRD）和Raman光谱等分析手段对样品进行了表征，结果表明：TiO₂薄膜是由粒径为8~12 nm的球形颗粒组成的多孔结构，其晶型为结晶度良好的锐钛矿。以甲基橙为光降解物，在紫外灯下测试薄膜的光催化性能，结果显示煅烧处理的TiO₂薄膜催化剂的光催化活性优于水热处理，对低浓度甲基橙的降解效率达90%以上，并且多次重复使用后光催化活性基本保持不变。     

Magnetoresistance of the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstrictions

The magnetoresistance and I-V characteristics at different temperatures of the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstrictions of variable width (from 20 to 250 nm) and 10 nm thicknesses, fabricated by electron beam lithography and vacuum thin film deposition are compared. The magnetoresistance and resistance of the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstrictions are not related to the width of the nanoconstrictions. Instead the resistance of the local nano-region in the middle of the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstriction has only a minor role compared to that of the two microscale thin film ferromagnetic electrodes, which contribute the majority of the measured resistance. The magnetoresistances of the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstrictions and a 0.2 cm × 0.8 cm thin ferromagnetic film deposited under the same conditions were also compared; the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstrictions have higher magnetoresistances than the thin ferromagnetic film, which implies that the measured magnetoresistance of the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstrictions comes mainly from the local nano-region in their centers. In conclusion, the measured magnetoresistance of the whole sample is similar to the anisotropic magnetoresistance, because the resistance of the two microscale thin film ferromagnetic electrodes is much higher than that of the local nano-region in the middle of the samples. Comparing the experimental results for the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstrictions and the thin ferromagnetic film reveals that the magnetoresistance of the local nano-region in the middle of the sample is much higher than that of the two microscale thin film ferromagnetic electrodes attached to it.     

加强新时期档案工作队伍建设的思考

当前我国档案工作者队伍在思想观念、业务水平、工作作风等方面还不同程度地存在着与新形势、新任务不相适应的情况。要做好新时期档案工作,就必须建设一支忠于事业、业务精良、相对稳定的档案队伍。加强档案工作者的政治素质、业务素质、工作作风和日常管理等方面建设,是加强新时期档案工作队伍建设的重要任务。     

重大工程设施抗爆韧性设计的思考

分析了工程设施抗爆韧性设计的必要性，提出了重大工程抗爆韧性的概念与设计目标。针对民用关键基础设施、军事防护工程，从提高鲁棒性、降低间接损失、迅速恢复等方面讨论了相应的韧性实现技术。结合韧性与经济性关系，建立了基于预期总损失与工程总价值之比的韧性指数计算模型，综合考虑韧性指数与建设、恢复成本，可用于韧性设计方案决策优化。最后提出发展建议，包括加强针对重大工程抗爆韧性的技术支撑体系研究；加快工程抗爆韧性定量评估方法研究；加快重大工程抗爆韧性数据决策平台建设；选择典型重大工程并开展抗爆韧性设计示范应用，推进相关标准规范制定。     

基于稀疏贝叶斯回归的正则化核密度估计算法

为了加快核密度估计(KDE)的计算速度,简化模型复杂度,提出了一种基于稀疏贝叶斯回归的KDE稀疏构造算法SBR-KDE.该算法将经人工加噪处理后的分布函数逼近值作为输入,获得了KDE的极为稀疏表示形式.实验结果表明:与传统KDE算法相比,在保持相当计算精度(多数情况下降低了模型误差)的情况下,文中算法的时空效率大幅度提高,而且在小样本训练集条件下得到的密度估计更光滑;独立成分分析及高斯化变换的应用使文中算法在一定程度上缓解了维数灾难.     

Missing completely of the CMB quadrupole in WMAP data

In cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments, foreground-cleaned temperature maps are still contaminated by the residual dipole due to uncertainties of the Doppler dipole direction and microwave radiometer sidelobe. To obtain reliable CMB maps, such contamination has to be carefully removed from observed data. We have previously built a software package for map-making, residual dipole-contamination removal, and power spectrum estimation from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) raw data. This software has now been significantly improved. With the improved software, we obtain a negative result of CMB quadrupole detection with the WMAP raw data, which is 3.2±3.5 K2 from the seven-year WMAP (WMAP7) data. This result is evidently incompatible with ～1000 K2 expected from the standard cosmological model ΛCDM. The completely missing of CMB quadrupole poses a serious challenge to the standard model and sets a strong constraint on possible models of cosmology. Due to the importance of this result for understanding the origin and early evolution of our universe, the software codes we used are opened for public checking.