社会主义新农村基础设施建设绩效审计研究

在社会主义新农村建设进程中,基础设施建设发挥着举足轻重的作用,充分发挥投入基础设施建设资金的效用尤为重要.因此,开展社会主义新农村基础设施建设绩效审计是一项必要而有效的措施,这需要形成一套完整的新农村基础设施建议绩效审计的思路,并得以有效地实施.     

滞后中立型线性离散系统的滞后无关稳定性判据

给出了几个滞后中立型线性离散系统稳定性的充分条件，由于这些条件与滞后无关且形成简单，对于初步判定其稳定性提供了有用的工具。     

金属有机化合物化学气相淀积含钛硬质涂层的性能研究

在用文题淀积方法制备出氮化钛、碳氮化钛和碳氮氧化钛硬质涂层的基础上,用表面分析手段分别进行了成分、结构分析、形貌观察和硬度测定。结果表明:以二乙胺基钛为原料可分别在773K和973K淀积氮化钛和碳氮化钛涂层;用钛酸异丙酯和钛酸丁酯可分别在973K和1073K获得碳氮氧化钛涂层。所得的涂层表面光洁度高、与基体附着性好、硬度满足实用要求。相比于普通化学气相淀积方法,本法在制备硬质涂层上有两大优点:(1)淀积温度降低,扩大了基体的选用范围;(2)固溶体涂层的获得扩大了涂层的适用范围。     

基于奇异谱分析的我国航空客运量集成预测模型

针对时间序列包含噪声以及单一模型可能存在预测表现不稳定的问题,本文提出了一个基于奇异谱分析(SSA)的集成预测模型,并将其运用于我国年度航空客运量的预测中.首先,采用SSA方法对原始时间序列进行分解和重构,得到一个剔除噪声的时间序列,然后将其作为单整自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)、支持向量回归模型(SVR)、Holt-Winters方法(HW)等单一模型的输入并进行预测,接着再采用加权平均集成预测方法(WA)将三种单一模型的预测结果进行综合集成.通过与各单一模型、基于经验模态分解方法(EMD)的模型以及简单平均集成预测方法(SA)的预测结果进行对比发现,本文所建模型具有较高的预测精度和较稳定的预测表现.最后,采用本文的模型对我国2014-2016年年度航空客运量进行了预测.     

A Flexible Functional Form Approach To Mortality Modeling: Do We Need Additional Cohort Dummies?

The increasing amount of attention paid to longevity risk and funding for old age has created the need for precise mortality models and accurate future mortality forecasts. Orthogonal polynomials have been widely used in technical fields and there have also been applications in mortality modeling. In this paper we adopt a flexible functional form approach using two‐dimensional Legendre orthogonal polynomials to fit and forecast mortality rates. Unlike some of the existing mortality models in the literature, the model we propose does not impose any restrictions on the age, time or cohort structure of the data and thus allows for different model designs for different countries' mortality experience. We conduct an empirical study using male mortality data from a range of developed countries and explore the possibility of using age–time effects to capture cohort effects in the underlying mortality data. It is found that, for some countries, cohort dummies still need to be incorporated into the model. Moreover, when comparing the proposed model with well‐known mortality models in the literature, we find that our model provides comparable fitting but with a much smaller number of parameters. Based on 5‐year‐ahead mortality forecasts, it can be concluded that the proposed model improves the overall accuracy of the future mortality projection. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces

Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified ～ 3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained ～ 36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice.     

Mutations in ISPD cause Walker-Warburg syndrome and defective glycosylation of α-dystroglycan

Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by complex eye and brain abnormalities with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) and aberrant a-dystroglycan glycosylation. Here we report mutations in the ISPD gene (encoding isoprenoid synthase domain containing) as the second most common cause of WWS. Bacterial IspD is a nucleotidyl transferase belonging to a large glycosyltransferase family, but the role of the orthologous protein in chordates is obscure to date, as this phylum does not have the corresponding non-mevalonate isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. Knockdown of ispd in zebrafish recapitulates the human WWS phenotype with hydrocephalus, reduced eye size, muscle degeneration and hypoglycosylated a-dystroglycan. These results implicate ISPD in a-dystroglycan glycosylation in maintaining sarcolemma integrity in vertebrates.     

Loss-of-function mutations in TGFB2 cause a syndromic presentation of thoracic aortic aneurysm

Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) associates with a tissue signature for high transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling but is often caused by heterozygous mutations in genes encoding positive effectors of TGF-β signaling, including either subunit of the TGF-β receptor or SMAD3, thereby engendering controversy regarding the mechanism of disease. Here, we report heterozygous mutations or deletions in the gene encoding the TGF-β2 ligand for a phenotype within the LDS spectrum and show upregulation of TGF-β signaling in aortic tissue from affected individuals. Furthermore, haploinsufficient Tgfb2(+/-) mice have aortic root aneurysm and biochemical evidence of increased canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling. Mice that harbor both a mutant Marfan syndrome (MFS) allele (Fbn1(C1039G/+)) and Tgfb2 haploinsufficiency show increased TGF-β signaling and phenotypic worsening in association with normalization of TGF-β2 expression and high expression of TGF-β1. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that compensatory autocrine and/or paracrine events contribute to the pathogenesis of TGF-β-mediated vasculopathies.     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.     

CEP152 is a genome maintenance protein disrupted in Seckel syndrome

Functional impairment of DNA damage response pathways leads to increased genomic instability. Here we describe the centrosomal protein CEP152 as a new regulator of genomic integrity and cellular response to DNA damage. Using homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing, we identified CEP152 mutations in Seckel syndrome and showed that impaired CEP152 function leads to accumulation of genomic defects resulting from replicative stress through enhanced activation of ATM signaling and increased H2AX phosphorylation.