浅谈国外项目测量仪器的保管及使用

文章对国外项目测量仪器的保管及使用进行了简单的分析,阐述了相关职责、保管及使用的方法、规章制度等方面内容,提出了相应观点用以提高国外项目测量仪器的保管及使用.     

关注气候 关注生命

2010年中国西南地区特大旱情牵动了全中国乃至全球人民的心，气候问题再一次成为科学界关注的焦点，善待地球，善待自然，就是善待人类自身。     

Temperature-induced fractionation of oxygen isotopes of diatom frustules and growth water in Lake Sihailongwan in Northeast China

Diatom oxygen isotopes have been widely applied in quantitative reconstruction of the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment, but have rarely been reported in China. In the present study, Lake Sihailongwan in Northeast China was selected for detailed investigation of oxygen isotopic fractionation between diatom frustules and lake water induced by growth temperature. This study involved a 2-year period of field monitoring of the lake water temperature at multiple depths and biweekly collections of traps for both sediment and water at shallow and bottom depths (7 and 49 m below the lake surface, respectively), diatom separation and purification of the trap sediments, and oxygen isotope measurement for diatom silica and lake water samples. The conditioned experiment conducted herein demonstrated that the laboratory device, methods and techniques used in this study were capable of generating reliable data for the typical oxygen isotope composition of diatom frustules. The data obtained revealed a prominent linear relationship between the oxygen isotope composition of the modern diatom and lake temperature during growth. The fractionation coefficient was about −0.185‰/°C−0.238‰/°C in the temperature range of 3.6–24°C, which is consistent with the observations from various aquatic environments and laboratory culture with different diatom taxa. These findings provide strong support for the dominant control of the growth temperature on the oxygen isotope fractionation between the diatom frustules and ambient water. A notable difference in the fractionation coefficient was observed between the surface and bottom diatom oxygen isotopes, suggesting that various depositional processes and taphonomic effects influenced the surface and bottom trap samples. Another factor leading to this difference may be that enrichment by evaporation and dilution by rainfall have a stronger influence on the surface. Overall, the results presented here demonstrate significant progress in evaluation of diatom oxygen isotopes in China and draw attention to the differences between surface and bottom diatom oxygen isotope compositions.     

介绍几种新型电力设备线夹

传统铜铝过渡设备线夹，并沟线夹已经在电力工程中使用多年，它们在历史上发挥了积极的作用。但是随着电力事业的发展与科学技术的不断进步，也暴露出传统设备线夹的诸多缺点。本文通过介绍几种常用的新型电力设备线夹，可以为广大电力技术人员在工程实践中拓宽新的设备线夹选择范围提供一点帮助。     

英语课堂"交流——互动"教学

在英语课堂教学中采用"交流--互动"的教学方式进行课堂教学,使学生掌握一定的学习方法,并形成良好的习惯,培养学生的素质和能力.     

基团电负性与三甲基硅烷衍生物的标准生成热

利用前文建立的基因电负性,通过分析ΔΔfH~0(MeSiX/CH_3X)与基团电负性XG的关系,本文建立了两个计算ΔfH(Me_3SiX)的公式: ΔfH~0(Me_3SiX)=ΔfH~0(CH_3X)-15.18X_G-19.70 ΔfH~0(Me_3SiX)=ΔfH~0(HX)+(6.05p-15.18)X_G-16.08p-19.70 式中,X_G为基团X的电负性;X=F.0H、NH_2、Cl Br、SH.I.ΔfH~0(Me_3SiX)和ΔfH~0(HX)分别为Me_3SiX、CH_3X和HX的标准生成热,P为分子HX中氢原子的个数。两式计算的平均偏差分别为0.99 Kcal/mol和0.84Kcal/mol。同时,导出了一个计算Me_3Si—X键的键裂能的方法: DH(Me_3Si—X)=DH(CH_2—X)+15.18X_G-16.2, X=F、OH、NH_2、Cl、Br、SH、上式计算的平均偏差为0.99Kcal/mol。     

应用功的互等定理推导不连续位移基本解

不连续位移基本解在边界元法中得到了广泛的应用,本文应用功的互等定理推导了该基本解,指出了开尔文解中的某些应力分量就是不连续位移基本解中某些位移分量的一般规律.这种推导方法不但十分简单而且可以推广到各种区域的不连续位移基本解的推求.     

烷氧基钛水解制备TiO_2超细粒子 Ⅱ.水解反应动力学及粒子形成

测定了烷氧基钛水解成核的诱导时间,研究了水解反应形成TiO_2超细粒子的机理,及溶剂和反应底物对水解反应机理的影响规律。导出了丁氧基钛在醇溶剂中的水解反应速率方程与对应的水解和聚结反应历程该机理同实验结果相吻合。     

金属有机化合物化学气相淀积含钛硬质涂层的过程研究

在垂直冷壁CVD反应器中进行了文题的探索性研究。以二乙胺基钛(Ti(NEt_2)_4)为源,在不锈钢或硬质合金基体上完成了氮化钛(TiN)和碳氮化钛(Ti(C,N))硬质薄膜低温下的淀积。发现(TiN)和(Ti(C,N))分别在773K和973K下形成;在操作范围内整个反应器流场由自由对流控制;反应过程由表面过程控制;反应活化能为235 kJ/mol;二乙胺基钛反应级数为1级。进行了热力学计算,提出了反应历程假设。结果表明:用二乙胺基钛进行MOCVD淀积含钛硬质薄膜可以降低温度,以扩大基体的选用范围,为获得硬质薄膜提供了一条新的途径。     

甘草属植物中三萜类化学成分研究进展

本文扼要阐述了甘草属植物中三萜皂甙及三萜皂甙元提取、分离、纯化及鉴定方法,系统归纳了该属植物中发现的三萜类化学成分的结构特征及波谱技术在该类化合物结构鉴定中的应用。