Biorefinery of bacterial cellulose from rice straw: enhanced enzymatic saccharification by ionic liquid pretreatment

The pretreatment of rice straw is often used to enhance the hydrolysis. 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([AMIM]Cl) is a kind of low viscous,nontoxic and recyclable ionic liquid. It was used to treat rice straw and improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw in this study. The factors influencing the pretreatment were as follows:the dosage of rice straw in [AMIM]Cl,crush mesh of rice straw,pretreatment temperature and time. After the pretreatment with a 3 %(the weight ratio of rice straw to ionic liquid) rice straw dosage in [AMIM]Cl at 110 ℃ for 1 h,the yield of reducing sugar of regenerated rice straw by 33 U/mL cellulase hydrolysis was 53.3 %,which was two times higher than that of un-treated rice straw(23.7 %) . More researches regarding straw biorefinery to bacterial cellulose are being performed in the lab and prospective results will be published in near future.     

Effect of trace Ce and B additions on the microstructure of Nb-3Si-22Ti alloys

The effects of trace Ce and B additions on the microstructure Nb-22Ti-3Si alloys were studied. The microstructure of the alloys was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their phase compositions were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Electro-Probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The distributions of the elements were detected by Spectrum analyzer. The interface of the phases in the alloys was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that two phases of Nbss and Nb3Si presented in Nb-22Ti-3Si, Nb-22Ti-3Si-0.2Ce and Nb-22Ti-3Si-0.2B alloys. The segregation of Ti at the interface between Nbss and Nb3Si was promoted and the volume fraction of silicides in the alloy increased with the trace B and Ce addition to the Nb-22Ti-3Si alloy respectively. And there was no single and definite orientation relationship between Nb3Si and Nbss in Nb-22Ti-3Si, Nb-22Ti-3Si-0.2Ce and Nb-22Ti-3Si-0.2B alloys. Compared with the Nb-22Ti-3Si alloy, the Nbss superlattice structure was found in Nb-22Ti-3Si-0.2Ce and Nb-22Ti-3Si-0.2B alloys.     

新型二维函数光子晶体的透射特性

用平面波展开法研究二维函数光子晶体的TE(transverse electric)波和TM(transverse magnetic)波带隙结构,并与二维传统光子晶体的带隙结构进行比较.通过给出不同介质柱介电常数的函数形式考察二维函数光子晶体带隙结构的变化.结果表明,二维函数光子晶体存在绝对带隙和半Dirac点.     

均匀设计在UHMWPE纺丝拉伸工艺优化中的应用

以UHMWPE干法初生丝为原料进行三级连续热拉伸。参考均匀设计研究了拉伸过程中的各级温度、拉伸比、进丝速度共7个影响因素对产品丝的强度影响,利用二次多项式逐步回归优化了工艺条件,并用留一法计算PRESS对模型的预报功能进行验证。工艺优化后的纤维平均强度可达33.47cN/dtex,达到了优化的目的。     

四川盆地超深层泥页岩纳米孔隙特征及其地质意义

利用SEM-PCAS孔隙定量表征技术与低压N_2等温吸附实验研究X井深度为6 875~8 042m超深层泥页岩的纳米孔隙特征,并选取四川盆地及周缘地区从地表到5km左右的样品组作为对比,探索深埋藏作用对泥页岩孔隙系统的影响。研究发现,X井志留系龙马溪组、奥陶系五峰组及下寒武统筇竹寺组超深层泥页岩32个样品的孔隙特征相似,孔隙类型以有机质孔、粒间孔为主,孔隙形态以狭长-裂缝型为主。N_2等温吸附线类型为IV-H3型,QSDFT孔径分布显示其纳米孔隙主要分布于4~16nm段,BET比表面积为8.63~16.13m2/g。与对照组样品相比,X井超深层泥页岩的孔径分布更加分散,微孔体积和微孔比表面积更小,介孔/微孔的体积比值及介孔/微孔的比表面积比值比非超深层泥页岩均具有数量级的优势。X井超深层泥页岩的孔隙特征主要受埋藏深度控制,深埋藏作用会使泥页岩孔径缩小并改变孔隙的形态。     

生物炭对烤烟生长及烟叶品质的影响

为探明生物炭在洛阳烟区烟叶生产上的应用效果,采用大田试验,研究了生物炭对烟株生长、烟叶经济性状、物理特性和化学成分的影响。结果表明:(1)生物炭处理可促进采烤期烟株生长,表现为移栽后120 d株高增加了11.81 cm,茎围增加了0.74 cm,可采烤叶片数平均增加了1.21片,生育期延长6~17 d;(2)生物炭可以使烟叶均价增加1.10元/kg,上等烟比例增加3.39%,每公顷产值增加1 919.25元;(3)生物炭处理可以显著提高烟叶钾和烟碱含量,提高烟叶填充值和弹性,改变单叶重和叶质重。     

织物膜材弹性参数在应力空间上响应特征及非线性本构分析

为揭示飞艇用层压类膜材弹性参数在平面应力空间上的响应特征,首先以高性能蒙皮材料Uretek3216LV为研究对象开展一系列双轴拉伸试验,获得多比例应力应变关系数据;然后运用MATLAB软件进行数值处理,分析得出应变及弹性参数在应力空间上的响应曲面特征.基于积分加权方法,分析了弹性参数在不同应力水平及应力比例上变化规律.研究发现正交互补性质在蒙皮材料弹性参数计算时的适用性不足,且材料弹性参数表现出明显正交异性特征.另外,层压织物膜材异于均质材料,大泊松比(0.5)的存在是其经纬纱间复杂相互作用及变形机理的体现.     

谈中美纺织品贸易争端及其解决措施

中国加入世界贸易组织后,尤其是2003年以来,美国因国内的高失业率、纺织业发展低迷,遂以中美入世谈判中达成的纺织品"特殊保障条款"等为理由,一直限制中国的纺织品进口量.美国的纺织品贸易保护措施只是一己之欲的经济利益所驱使的狭隘的贸易保护主义政策,这种政策影响了中美贸易关系甚至全球贸易关系的正常运行,是一种不公平并阻碍着双方经济发展的不明智之举.所以,我国应积极采取措施力争解决中美纺织品贸易争端.     

IEEE802.16标准加密子层认证机制的研究

介绍了IEEE802.16的安全机制,详细分析了安全机制中的认证过程,并指出了认证机制所存在的严重漏洞,提出了几种解决方案,还对移动环境中的认发证作了展望。