Structural insight into brassinosteroid perception by BRI1

Brassinosteroids are essential phytohormones that have crucial roles in plant growth and development. Perception of brassinosteroids requires an active complex of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1). Recognized by the extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of BRI1, brassinosteroids induce a phosphorylation-mediated cascade to regulate gene expression. Here we present the crystal structures of BRI1(LRR) in free and brassinolide-bound forms. BRI1(LRR) exists as a monomer in crystals and solution independent of brassinolide. It comprises a helical solenoid structure that accommodates a separate insertion domain at its concave surface. Sandwiched between them, brassinolide binds to a hydrophobicity-dominating surface groove on BRI1(LRR). Brassinolide recognition by BRI1(LRR) is through an induced-fit mechanism involving stabilization of two interdomain loops that creates a pronounced non-polar surface groove for the hormone binding. Together, our results define the molecular mechanisms by which BRI1 recognizes brassinosteroids and provide insight into brassinosteroid-induced BRI1 activation.     

Fault lubrication during earthquakes

The determination of rock friction at seismic slip rates (about 1?m?s(-1)) is of paramount importance in earthquake mechanics, as fault friction controls the stress drop, the mechanical work and the frictional heat generated during slip. Given the difficulty in determining friction by seismological methods, elucidating constraints are derived from experimental studies. Here we review a large set of published and unpublished experiments (～300) performed in rotary shear apparatus at slip rates of 0.1-2.6?m?s(-1). The experiments indicate a significant decrease in friction (of up to one order of magnitude), which we term fault lubrication, both for cohesive (silicate-built, quartz-built and carbonate-built) rocks and non-cohesive rocks (clay-rich, anhydrite, gypsum and dolomite gouges) typical of crustal seismogenic sources. The available mechanical work and the associated temperature rise in the slipping zone trigger a number of physicochemical processes (gelification, decarbonation and dehydration reactions, melting and so on) whose products are responsible for fault lubrication. The similarity between (1) experimental and natural fault products and (2) mechanical work measures resulting from these laboratory experiments and seismological estimates suggests that it is reasonable to extrapolate experimental data to conditions typical of earthquake nucleation depths (7-15?km). It seems that faults are lubricated during earthquakes, irrespective of the fault rock composition and of the specific weakening mechanism involved.     

图的局部连通性与上可嵌入性

研究局部连通图中支撑树的变换. 给出L.Nebesk定理的一个新证明, 并将其推广得到一类新的上可嵌入图.     

蔗渣浆纤维模塑装饰建筑材料的制备与性能

以天然蔗渣浆纤维为原料,利用模塑热压工艺复合成形,得到物理性能优良的纤维模塑装饰建筑材料.借助拉伸性能测试、热重分析、FT-IR等研究了影响该材料力学性能的因素.研究表明:该材料的拉伸性能主要受增强剂和阻燃剂添加量,干燥温度、时间和压力的影响;随着阻燃剂添加量的增加,材料的拉伸性能明显降低;最佳干燥温度为160℃,干燥...     

半相依回归系统参数的c-k型改进估计

针对设计矩阵Xi呈病态时的半相依线性回归系统,提出了系统参数iβ的一种c-k型改进估计,并证明了这种估计在均方误差意义下的若干优良性质.     

微波辅助萃取的微波吸收系数与吸收功率密度

微波吸收系数和吸收功率密度是反映微波辅助萃取效率的两个重要参量,前者代表了溶液对微波能的整体吸收比率,后者代表了溶液中某一点处微波能转化为热能的强度.文中根据微波在介质中的传播规律,导出了微波吸收系数与溶液复介电常数间的关系式;并以微波与物质相互作用的基本原理为基础,导出了微波吸收功率密度与物质复介电常数以及空间位置间的量化关系式.所得结论可为微波辅助萃取中溶剂的选择以及特定溶剂中微波频率的选择提供理论参考.     

谐波合成法模拟随机风场的优化算法

为解决传统谐波合成法模拟多变量随机脉动风场效率低下的问题,首先将互谱密度函数矩阵分块,然后采用递归优化算法进行矩阵的Cholesky分解,同时引入矩阵乘法算法来代替传统算法的叠加过程,从而减少了互谱密度矩阵中元素生成的数量,加快了矩阵分解和脉动风场合成的速度.工程实例表明,上述优化算法可有效减少整个模拟过程的计算时间,提高模拟效率.     

混流式水轮机内部流动的整体解析及气蚀预测

采用计算流体力学方法,将整个水轮机划分为蜗壳、固定导叶叶栅、活动导叶叶栅、转轮和尾水管等几个域,对混流式水轮机进行整体解析,并根据各个域的残差履历,以转轮残差的充分收敛作为迭代计算是否收敛的判据.最后以某水电厂的混流式水轮机作为研究对象,得到了混流式水轮机的静态压力场,并利用压力场预测了转轮叶片出口负压面气蚀的发生时刻及发生部位,所得结果与实际转轮出口负压面气蚀结果一致,表明了文中方法的有效性.     

加载柔性臂振动的非线性应力反馈控制

用数值仿真的方法讨论了一种用新型的非线性应力反馈律来镇定加载柔性臂振动的问题。该方法使用跟踪微分器取得柔性臂根部应力信号的微分信号,并与根部应力信号一起组成非线性控制输入来控制加载柔性臂的振动.其镇定效果明显地优于有关问题的现有实验结果。     

一类带缓冲区的连续生产过程的最速生产调度

研究了一类有分段式生产任务并带缓冲区域束的连续生产最早完工（Ｍａｋｅｓｐａｎ）指标调度问题,对积分形式约束和专注生产的约束进行有效转化,将原调度总理２转换为线性规划问题,仿真算表明了文中方法是可行的。