中国经济发展与环境质量动态关系

运用向量误差修正模型,对中国人均GDP与污染物排放量之间关系进行先验性因果检验,并基于层次分析法测算了中国坏境污染综合指数.在此基础上,根据经济增长与环境质量的实际变动趋势,选用二次函数对人均GDP与环境污染综合指数之间的动态关系进行模拟.结果显示:无论从长期或短期来看,都存在着从人均GDP到各种污染物排放量的单向因果关系;中国环境污染综合指数随人均GDP的增加呈现上升趋势,环境质量随经济发展而逐步好转的现象尚未出现.从经济发展方式、环境政策等方面对导致上述结果的原因进行了解释.     

半群PODn的理想的极大正则子半群

设Xn={1,2,…,n}是自然序集,POn和PODn分别为Xn上的部分保序变换半群和部分保序(反保序)变换半群.得到了PODn的理想的极大正则子半群的完全分类.     

傅里叶变换近红外光谱法测定榨菜酱油成分

基于傅里叶变换近红外光谱技术,通过主成分分析(PCA),可较好地区分不同品牌的榨菜酱油样本.利用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了测定榨菜酱油成分的定量分析模型,校正集样本中总酸、氨基酸态氮和食盐的分析模型决定系数(R2)分别为98.44,98.74和98.48,交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)分别为0.001 3,0.008 44和0.355.预测集样本中总酸、氨基酸态氮和食盐的外部验证决定系数(R2)分别为96.04,95.90,96.27,预测集标准偏差(RMSEP)分别为0.017 4,0.012 9,0.48.实验结果具有较高的预测精度,可以用于测定榨菜酱油主要成分的质量浓度.     

氯虫苯甲酰胺200SC对水稻的控害作用及对产量的影响

通过氯虫苯甲酰胺(康宽TM)200SC对水稻螟虫的实验结果表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺对水稻二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果远远优于噻虫嗪、毒死蜱和杀虫单,防效分别达到了89.32%和92.23%,并对天敌昆虫和水稻生长安全.再生稻测产表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺对水稻的生长有一定的刺激作用,能明显提高再生稻产量,增产率为32.44%.     

茅台酒用有机高粱产量和品质与原料基地气象条件的关系

应用2008年分布在茅台酒原料基地,海拔370～1 301m地段209个农户栽培的有机高粱产量和品质资料,采用气候曲面技术(ANUSPLI)方法得到各地段的温度、降水量和日照数据,并对各地段有机高粱产量和品质及原产地气象条件进行了相关分析.结果表明:气温日较差对高粱产量、单宁质量分数有显著影响;降水量对高粱产量、单宁和淀粉质量分数有显著性影响;日照时数对高粱产量、单宁和淀粉质量分数有显著影响;其中气温、降水量和日照对高粱单宁质量分数的影响都为显著负相关.气象条件对高粱蛋白质质量分数无明显影响.该文依据相关分析结果建立了气候区划指标,并做出了优质酒用有机高粱栽培基地的气候区划,其优质有机高粱栽培基地最适宜区在赤水河流域中段的贵州省仁怀市北部、西部和西南部地区,适宜区在仁怀市东部和南部地区.     

宽端接圆柱杆的复合指数形变幅杆的设计

利用替代法得到了复合指数形变幅杆的频率方程,在此基础上解算出谐振长度、放大系数等重要参数,并借助于ANSYS软件对复合变幅杆进行模态分析.结果表明该方法对复合形变幅杆的设计是可行的,也显示了ANSYS在变幅杆设计中的重要性.这给其他复合变幅杆的设计提供了参考.     

菊花中总黄酮的提取工艺比较

为优化超声波法和酶解法提取菊花总黄酮的工艺,并比较其工艺条件,选择因素水平,采用L9(34)正交设计优化提取工艺,以芦丁为对照品,用紫外分光光度计分析其提取率.结果表明,酶解法最佳工艺条件为:25倍70%的乙醇溶液,酶添加量0.5%,于45℃水浴下酶解150min,得率为5.60%;超声波法最佳工艺条件为:10倍70%的乙醇溶液超声40min,提取3次,得率为4.61%.酶解法的得率比超声波法的高21.5%.     

Classification and Categorical Inputs with Treed Gaussian Process Models

Recognizing the successes of treed Gaussian process (TGP) models as an interpretable and thrifty model for nonparametric regression, we seek to extend the model to classification. Both treed models and Gaussian processes (GPs) have, separately, enjoyed great success in application to classification problems. An example of the former is Bayesian CART. In the latter, real-valued GP output may be utilized for classification via latent variables, which provide classification rules by means of a softmax function. We formulate a Bayesian model averaging scheme to combine these two models and describe a Monte Carlo method for sampling from the full posterior distribution with joint proposals for the tree topology and the GP parameters corresponding to latent variables at the leaves. We concentrate on efficient sampling of the latent variables, which is important to obtain good mixing in the expanded parameter space. The tree structure is particularly helpful for this task and also for developing an efficient scheme for handling categorical predictors, which commonly arise in classification problems. Our proposed classification TGP (CTGP) methodology is illustrated on a collection of synthetic and real data sets. We assess performance relative to existing methods and thereby show how CTGP is highly flexible, offers tractable inference, produces rules that are easy to interpret, and performs well out of sample.     

MCS: A Method for Finding the Number of Clusters

This paper proposes a maximum clustering similarity (MCS) method for determining the number of clusters in a data set by studying the behavior of similarity indices comparing two (of several) clustering methods. The similarity between the two clusterings is calculated at the same number of clusters, using the indices of Rand (R), Fowlkes and Mallows (FM), and Kulczynski (K) each corrected for chance agreement. The number of clusters at which the index attains its maximum is a candidate for the optimal number of clusters. The proposed method is applied to simulated bivariate normal data, and further extended for use in circular data. Its performance is compared to the criteria discussed in Tibshirani, Walther, and Hastie (2001). The proposed method is not based on any distributional or data assumption which makes it widely applicable to any type of data that can be clustered using at least two clustering algorithms.     

On Definitions of Information in Physics

During the refereeing procedure of Anthropomorphic Quantum Darwinism by Thomas Durt, it became apparent in the dialogue between him and me that the definition of information in Physics is something about which not all authors agreed. This text aims at describing the concepts associated to information that are accepted as the standard in the Physics world community.