全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9064篇 |
免费 | 703篇 |
国内免费 | 225篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 1183篇 |
丛书文集 | 106篇 |
教育与普及 | 167篇 |
理论与方法论 | 284篇 |
现状及发展 | 900篇 |
研究方法 | 24篇 |
综合类 | 7323篇 |
自然研究 | 5篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 31篇 |
2023年 | 44篇 |
2022年 | 69篇 |
2021年 | 85篇 |
2020年 | 48篇 |
2019年 | 19篇 |
2018年 | 754篇 |
2017年 | 763篇 |
2016年 | 459篇 |
2015年 | 112篇 |
2014年 | 126篇 |
2013年 | 121篇 |
2012年 | 401篇 |
2011年 | 1093篇 |
2010年 | 927篇 |
2009年 | 608篇 |
2008年 | 695篇 |
2007年 | 932篇 |
2006年 | 127篇 |
2005年 | 165篇 |
2004年 | 226篇 |
2003年 | 263篇 |
2002年 | 206篇 |
2001年 | 144篇 |
2000年 | 122篇 |
1999年 | 221篇 |
1998年 | 150篇 |
1997年 | 152篇 |
1996年 | 154篇 |
1995年 | 127篇 |
1994年 | 117篇 |
1993年 | 100篇 |
1992年 | 84篇 |
1991年 | 84篇 |
1990年 | 68篇 |
1989年 | 62篇 |
1988年 | 71篇 |
1987年 | 28篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1947年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有9992条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
Alexandra Sauer 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》2008,21(6):497-515
The participation of non-state actors in implementation processes is often understood as a means to increase compliance efficiency.
But the implementation of spatial policies frequently focuses on pre-established goals, processes and instruments and thus
renders difficult open discourse and shared decision-making. This paper introduces conflict pattern analysis (CPA) as a tool
that supports the analysis of the actual actor constellation in order to define efficient approaches that avoid common problems
of participatory processes. CPA is a semi-formalised method that helps to identify key-actors, their relations and interaction
amongst each other as well as their core beliefs, interests and resources. It aggregates this information to interaction patterns
that can be compared, classified and linked to different participatory methods on a theoretically informed basis. Particularly
on the local and regional level, this could be the first step for successful (participatory) implementation strategies. 相似文献
52.
S. K. MISHRA Shouyang WANG K. K. LAI 《系统科学与复杂性》2007,20(3):344-349
In this paper, we introduce a new class of generalized convex function, namely, a-pseudounivex function, by combining the concepts of pseudo-univex and α-invex functions. Further, we establish some relationships between vector variational-like inequality problems and vector optimization problems under the assumptions of α-pseudo-univex functions. Results obtained in this paper present a refinement and improvement of previously known results. 相似文献
53.
A theoretical model for mid-and low-latitude ionospheric electric fields in realistic geomagnetic fields 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The geomagnetic fields, which play important roles in the ionospheric dynamo, can greatly affect the global distribution of ionospheric electric fields, currents and other ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena. In the study of ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena, such as the longitudinal variations of ionospheric electric fields, the non-dipolar component of the geomagnetic fields must be taken into account. In this paper, we deduce a theoretical electric field model for ionospheric dynamo at mid- and low-latitude which adopt a modified magnetic apex coordinates system. In the new electric field model, the geomagnetic fields can be calculated from either the IGRF model or the dipole field model, and the neutral winds and conductivities are calculated based on empirical models. Then the dynamo equation for the electric potential is finally solved in terms of the line-by-line iteration method, and the ionospheric electric fields and currents are derived from the calculated potential. Our model can reproduce the main features of the ionospheric electrodynamics processes, so it will be a useful tool for the investigation of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. 相似文献
54.
本文采用图论方法对饱和烷烃第二维里系数B与分子结构的关系进行了探讨,结果发现烷烃第二维里系数与Wiener指数具有较好的相关性,并建立了它们之间的一个定量关系。对C_2~C_8共39个饱和烷烃B的计算表明,计算值与文献值的一致性是令人满意的。本文不仅拓展了Wiener指数的应用领域,而且也有助于深入理解第二维里系数的物理意义。 相似文献
55.
证明了对有穷级整函数,若Julia方向总数有穷,且有一个有穷亏值,则能找到一个角形域,使该函数在此角形域内有界。并以此结论证明了该函数是拟素的。 相似文献
56.
本文提出了大截面消声器的设计方法和步聚,并对大型消声器的制造技术及其应用效果进行了探讨. 相似文献
57.
Frank Waaldijk 《Foundations of Science》2005,10(3):249-324
We discuss the foundations of constructive mathematics, including recursive mathematics and intuitionism, in relation to classical
mathematics. There are connections with the foundations of physics, due to the way in which the different branches of mathematics
reflect reality. Many different axioms and their interrelationship are discussed. We show that there is a fundamental problem
in BISH (Bishop’s school of constructive mathematics) with regard to its current definition of ‘continuous function’. This problem
is closely related to the definition in BISH of ‘locally compact’. Possible approaches to this problem are discussed. Topology seems to be a key to understanding many
issues. We offer several new simplifying axioms, which can form bridges between the various branches of constructive mathematics
and classical mathematics (‘reuniting the antipodes’). We give a simplification of basic intuitionistic theory, especially
with regard to so-called ‘bar induction’. We then plead for a limited number of axiomatic systems, which differentiate between
the various branches of mathematics. Finally, in the appendix we offer BISH an elegant topological definition of ‘locally compact’, which unlike the current definition is equivalent to the usual classical
and/or intuitionistic definition in classical and intuitionistic mathematics, respectively. 相似文献
58.
科技英语表达科学技术内容,适应科技人员交际的需要。文体要求是条理清晰,准确凝练,叙述客观。科技英语虽然有明显的特点,但都在英语语法规则的范围之内,并没有构成新的语法规则。 相似文献
59.
42CrMo钢离子氮化—沉淀强化组织结构的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了42CrMo钢离子氮化—沉淀强化的组织结构,结果表明,离子氮化层的组成为ε、r'a_N、Fe_3C和少量Cr_2N、Mo_2N、CrMoN_x及a";经时效处理后,ε相和a_N相弥散析出Cr_2N、Mo_2N和a" 。325℃时效,CrMoN_x消失;500℃时效,Mo_2N大大减少。a"、Cr_2N和Mo_2N弥散共格析出,必将使氮化层强化。 相似文献
60.
C. Baroni Urbani G. S. Boyan A. Blarer J. Billen T. M. Musthak Ali 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1994,50(1):63-71
The Indian antHarpegnathos saltator may be unique among insects in using its jumping capacity not only as an escape mechanism but also as a normal means of locomotion, and for catching its prey in flight. High-speed cinematography used to analyse the various phases of the jump suggests thatHarpegnathos employs a novel jumping mechanism to mediate these behaviours: namely the synchronous activation of its middle and hindlegs. Electrophysiological recordings from muscles or nerves in pairs of middle and hindlegs show remarkably synchronous activity during fictive jumping, supporting the synchronous activation hypothesis.Harpegnathos is not the only ant to jump, and a cladistic analysis suggests that jumping behaviour evolved independently three times during ant evolutionary history. 相似文献