绿洲灌区节水型种植模式评价与筛选

面对水资源严重短缺、农业可持续发展受限、生态环境逐渐恶化的现实,以武威市凉州区为例,运用综合评价方法从经济、社会、生态3个方面对现有主要种植模式进行了分析。结果表明,日光温室蔬菜、玉米/豌豆、制种玉米、小麦/玉米、大田玉米、马铃薯6种模式综合效益较好,但从水资源安全、高效利用、农业产业发展的更高层次要求来看,日光温室蔬菜、玉米/豌豆、制种玉米3种节水高效模式更为理想,适宜于西北内陆绿洲灌区应用,有利于实现节水、增收以及农业产业可持续发展目标。     

金融危机前后的全球主要股指联动与动态稳定性比较

针对传统参数分析法可能存在参数和指标多样化而导致结果迥异的问题,提出直接从真实交易数据入手,采用具有准确拓扑序列的亚超度量空间方法.通过对2005年7月22日至2009年6月30日全球最具代表性的52个股指的日数据,并以2008年9月15日为金融危机前后的分界点进行实证,结果发现:金融危机爆发后,全球股市股指间地理区域聚集效应更加明显,各股指间的相关程度显著提高,其联动性更强;全球股指的动态稳定性在整体上是相对稳定的;在金融危机后,美国的股指影响力在降低,而中国在增强.为了避免全球股指剧烈波动,金融监管应该是全球协调的,而不应是一个国家或某个区域的单独行为.应保持世界各国证券市场的"多样性(差别化)",来防止经济和金融一体化带来的"一荣俱荣,一损俱损".     

具有委托代理特征的虚拟企业分布式风险管理

虚拟企业要取得预期的利润,就必须成功规避运行中的风险.根据虚拟企业合作运营区域的分布性以及联盟企业之间关系多样性的特点,采用分布式决策的思想对其风险进行管理,针对具有委托代理特征的虚拟企业,建立了委托代理的分布式决策虚拟企业风险管理模型,叙述了盟主如何设计激励与惩罚的机制,以及各盟员在该机制下如何决策各风险的控制措施及资金投入的问题,并设计了禁忌搜索算法对模型进行求解,仿真分析表明,该模型与算法是虚拟企业风险管理的一种有效方法.     

基于小世界和连接成本的制度网络演化分析

制度作为社会系统的子系统,是一个具有小世界性和择优连接等特征的复杂网络,其演化需要产生各种连接成本.文中构建了基于小世界效应、连接成本和节点影响能力的制度网络演化模型;提出了制度网络演化的纳什效率策略及帕拉托效率策略;通过理论及仿真分析,认为帕拉托效率策略而不是纳什效率策略能显著地增加制度网络演化的整体得益水平;复杂制度网络系统小世界网络中的最短路径特点能够增加制度主体间的合作空间,进而增加制度演化的整体得益水平.     

曲面薄壳有限元离散误差分析和修正方法研究

基于曲面薄壳几何/物理方程和有限元离散原理推导,揭示了壳单元离散方法特点、刚度矩阵误差产生机理和范数表示方法。以航空涡轮发动机测压探针为例,深入研究了利用协调平板壳单元、非协调平板壳单元、一次和二次实体退化壳单元等不同类型单元离散曲面薄壳时,应力计算误差影响因素及变化规律,综述了单元的适用条件。基于Boltzmann模型提出了应力计算结果修正通式,通过FORTRAN语言编程修正应力仿真结果和ANSYS二次开发语言APDL命令实现应力修正结果的读取和后处理,应力修正结果与理论解相对误差小于5%,满足曲面薄壳设计和稳定性分析应用要求。

Abstract：

Based on the geometric physical equations and deduction of discrete process of finite element for curved thin-walled structure,characteristics of shell elements for discretion and discrete error for element stiffness matrix were analyzed theoretically,and the norm expression of discrete error for element stiffness matrix was put forward.Then,as an illustration,a probe for detecting the pressure inside turboprops was meshed by curved thin-walled shell element,compatible flat shell element,incompatible flat shell element and 3D degenerated shell element,respectively,and the stress of the probe was numerically calculated by FEM.On the basis of solved results,the stress error was analyzed thoroughly,the influence factors on the error and the applying situations for different elements were determined.Finally,the general form of correctional function was put forward according to the Boltzmann model.The program developed with FORTRAN was used to correct the numerical results and the APDL commands inside ANSYS software were utilized to read and plot the correctional stress results.Through the correction,the discrete error can be reduced within 5% that satisfies the requirement of application for structural design and stability analysis.     

基于协议同步水下传感器网络目标协同定位算法

为了解决水下目标的定位问题,讨论了一种基于水下传感器阵列网络的目标协同定位算法。该算法在实现水下节点同步的基础上,通过建立目标位置与距离差测量值的统计模型后依据最大似然准则完成目标定位。定位算法的实现采用分布-集中相结合的处理方法,在提高定位精度的同时大大节省了水下节点通信能耗。通过仿真实验验证了算法的有效性和可行性,实验结果表明该方法具有较好的同步及目标定位精度。

Abstract：

A collaborative target location algorithm for underwater acoustic sensor networks （UASN） was proposed. The algorithm was achieved based on time synchronization for high transmitting delay for UASN. Target location was estimated by maximum-likelihood methods based on proposed statistical model which was established by the relation between target position and measured range difference. The proposed algorithm adopts the distributed-centralized computation methods,which degrade the transmitting energy comparing with traditional centralized methods. The result of simulation shows the application validity and the more location performance of the algorithm.     

基于多学科虚拟样机的粘着控制仿真平台

重载列车和准高速动车组的运行,使轮轨之间的粘着经常处于极限状态,因此需要研究更先进的控制方法来优化利用粘着力。建立了包括牵引系统、控制系统和机车多体动力学模型的多学科虚拟样机仿真平台。使用机械动力学仿真软件ADAMS/Rail建立了某种电力机车的多体动力学仿真模型;利用MATLAB建立了组合粘着控制算法;通过联合仿真实现了针对机车粘着控制系统的多学科虚拟样机仿真。联合仿真平台成为了沟通粘着控制方法理论研究和试验研究的桥梁,为智能控制方法在粘着系统中的应用提供了有效的仿真环境。

Abstract：

With heavy-haul train and high-speed electric multiple unit （EMU） operation,the adhesion between wheel and rail often reaches limit states.Therefore the advanced control arithmetic should be studied to optimize the use of the adhesion force.A simulation platform was built including traction system,control system and multi-body dynamics model of an locomotive.The model of the electric locomotive was established with ADAMS/Rail （Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems）.Then a hybrid adhesion control algorithm was designed using MATLAB.The adhesion control system can be studied with co-simulation of different simulation tools.The theoretical and experimental studies are realized with the simulation platform.It provides a new and effective ways to study the adhesion control.     

大雨对飞机降落影响效应仿真研究与定量分析

为全面、定量分析大雨对飞机降落阶段的严重影响,选取波音737-300作为典型代表,首先对于降落阶段大雨造成的飞机性能损失进行了量级评估。然后重点针对降雨所导致的粗糙表面因素,利用CFD仿真方法和改进的湍流壁面函数,对于不同降雨强度下的波音737-300中段翼型气动性能进行了仿真模拟,给出了升阻力系数、失速攻角等定量结果,并与实验结果进行了对比。结果表明：大雨所导致的粗糙机翼表面将引起严重的气动性能损失。在降落阶段,对于波音737-300中段翼型而言,短时500毫米/小时降雨条件下,最大升力系数减少约28%,阻力系数平均增加达98.1%,失速攻角减小约5度。

Abstract：

Heavy rain might influence aerodynamic performance of an aircraft seriously, especially when it is landing. It requires an intensive investigation and quantitative analysis. Choosing Boeing 737-300 as the representative of aircraft, magnitude calculation for the penalty associated with severe rainfall was firstly made. Then the roughness factor was studied in detail using evolutional turbulence boundary function and CFD simulation tools. The aerodynamic character of Boeing 737-300 midspan airfoil was simulated under different rainfall environment. The quantitative results of lift-drag coefficients and stall angle were proposed and compared with experiment data. The results indicate that, the roughness surface caused by rainfall is most likely to cause significant aerodynamic penalties. For Boeing 737-300 midspan airfoil, when it is landing under severe rainfall of 500mm/hour over 30s periods, it could lead to the loss of maximum lift coefficient by about 28%, the decrease of stall angle by 5 and the increase of drag coefficient by 98.1%.     

体外电磁驱动的膀胱动力泵的建模与仿真

针对神经源性膀胱的辅助排尿问题,基于膀胱的结构和储排尿机制,提出了一种体外电磁驱动的膀胱动力泵。为了研究其排尿动力特性,运用电磁学理论,建立了该泵的电磁驱动单元数学模型,并进行了合理简化。在此基础上,建立了描述膀胱压和尿流率与电磁铁电流、气隙宽度及永磁体体积和数量等影响因素之间关系的数学模型。仿真和试验分析结果表明,膀胱压和尿流率与电磁铁电流成近似线性关系,调节电磁铁电流可调控膀胱压和尿流率。所建立的数学模型简单有效、使用方便,可为膀胱动力泵的特性分析和结构设计提供理论依据。

Abstract：

To solve the problem of assisting a neurogenic bladder micturating,a bladder power pump driven by an external electromagnet was proposed,according to the structure and micturating mechanism of human bladder.To investigate the micturition performance of the pump,the mathematic model of the electromagnetic drive in the pump was built using the theory of electromagnetics,and simplified reasonably.Based on the simplified model,the mathematic models that express the relations between the intravesical pressure and urine flow rate and the influence factors such as electromagnet current,air gap,permanent magnet volume and number,were also established.The simulation and experimental results show that the intravesical pressure and the urine flow rate are approximately proportional to the electromagnet current respectively and can be regulated by adjusting the electromagnet current.The established mathematic models are simple and practicable,which provide the theoretical basis for the performance analysis and structure design of the pump.