A Systems Theoretical Approach to Interoperability of Information

A rapid process of hybridisation of man and technology, organisation and technology and society and technology is currently sweeping the world. This process requires a way of (scientific) thinking that takes hybrid systems as the starting point. Such an approach makes it increasingly important for hybrid systems to be interlinked, enabling them to exchange and share information through these links. This linking of (hybrid) systems to enable them to exchange and share information can also be denoted as the realisation of interoperability between (hybrid) systems. Five principles from Luhmann’s systems theory can help us understand interoperability. Interoperability enables (hybrid) systems to join random coalitions and networks. The network centric warfare concept is currently the basis for international efforts aimed at the development and application of interoperability that would enable armed forces to act effectively and efficiently. This paper demonstrates what we can learn from Luhmann’s system’s theory.     

几种腌薰食品中亚硝酸盐及其含量的调查分析

本文报导了吉首市5种传统腌熏食品中亚硝酸盐含量的调查结果。结果表明，这类食品中都含有亚硝酸盐。其亚硝酸盐含量的均值（24.5mg/kg）高于其鲜类食品。通过比较分析，亚硝酸盐的形成及含量与腌熏类食品的制作技术及环境有关。     

羟基铝交联蒙脱土表面酸性的研究

本文采用吸附指示剂法和非水溶液中正丁胺滴定法测定了由不同铝离子浓度、不同羟铝比溶液作交联剂制得的羟基铝交联蒙脱土的总酸量及其酸强度的分布。实验结果表明,交联蒙脱土的总酸量及酸强度都较未交联的钠型蒙脱土强,交联剂的Al~(3+)浓度及OH/Al比对表面酸影响不大,但随焙烧温度的升高,表面酸明显下降。     

鄱阳湖产太湖短吻银鱼摄食的初步观察

鄱阳湖产太湖短吻银鱼以枝角类、桡足类等浮游动物为主要食料.它们天亮开始摄食,夜间停止,白天连续摄食,其援食速度和消化速度都很快.晴天摄食多,雨天摄食少.周年内,在6、10—11、3月份三次出现摄食高峰.正在产卵的雌鱼停止摄食,产卵后,摄食量又大增.     

A new immunomodulating compound (AS-101) with potential therapeutic application

There has been interest in the potential of synthetic compounds to modify immune responses by imitation of cytokine action. Direct administration of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in conjunction with adoptive transfer of lymphokine activated killer cells has been used in the treatment of cancer, but there are toxic effects resulting from the high doses of IL-2 required. We have developed a new synthetic compound, ammonium tri-chloro(dioxoethylene-O,O'-)tellurate (AS-101), which has immunomodulating properties and minimal toxicity. The effects of AS-101 on the activation and function of immunocompetent cells have been assessed. We have found that AS-101 induces proliferation and IL-2 production by human lymphocytes in vitro, and enhances the production of IL-2 and colony-stimulating factor by mouse spleen cells. Splenocytes of BALB/c mice injected with AS-101 increased production of IL-2 and CSF in vitro in the presence of mitogen. Mononuclear cells of normal donors acquired responsiveness to recombinant IL-2 and bound monoclonal antibody to IL-2 receptor after incubation with AS-101. Splenocytes of mice treated in vivo with AS-101 expressed high levels of IL-2 receptor. The stimulation of lymphocytes by AS-101 apparently involves an increase in intracellular free calcium. AS-101 administered systemically to mice mediated antitumour effects which could be attributable to its immunomodulatory properties. In addition, AS-101 could directly enhance the ratio of OKT4 to OKT8-positive cells in cultured mononuclear cells from AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) patients. These results indicate that AS-101 is potentially useful in the treatment of clinical conditions involving immunosuppression.     

HIV-1 superinfection despite broad CD8+ T-cell responses containing replication of the primary virus

Early treatment of acute HIV-1 infection followed by treatment interruptions has shown promise for enhancing immune control of infection. A subsequent loss of control, however, allows the correlates of protective immunity to be assessed. Here we show that sudden breakthrough of plasma viraemia occurred after prolonged immune containment in an individual infected with HIV-1 at a time when 25 distinct CD8+ T-cell epitopes in the viral proteins Gag, RT, Integrase, Env, Nef, Vpr, Vif and Rev were being targeted. Sequencing of the virus in plasma and cells showed that superinfection with a second clade-B virus was coincident with the loss of immune control. This sudden increase in viraemia was associated with a decline in half of the CD8+ T-cell responses. The declining CD8+ T-cell responses were coupled with sequence changes relative to the initial virus that resulted in impaired recognition. Our data show that HIV-1 superinfection can occur in the setting of a strong and broadly directed virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response. The lack of cross-protective immunity for closely related HIV-1 strains, despite persistent recognition of multiple CD8 epitopes, has important implications for public health and vaccine development.     

军用PCS系统中移动基站的位置登记策略研究

移动基站技术是军用PCS系统的关键技术之一。在未来的战争中，通信基站根据需要可以自由移动，并有可能带大量用户共同移动，基站移动到新地方后能够快速和网络恢复连接，建立通信。基站的可移动性带来的关键问题是如何在网络中对移动基站进行拓扑更新和对用户群的位置进行快速有效登记。简要介绍了移动基站技术的概念后，以第二代数字移动通信系统GSM网络为基础，对移动基站的拓扑更新和用户群的成组位置登记提出了新的策略，补充和完善了原有的协议，使得新的协议更能够适应基站移动性的需求。     

基于Web服务的网上书店开发

Web服务技术仍是一个新兴发展中的技术,然而无数迹象表明,Web服务将是未来应用架构的一个极 为重要的模式．随着Web服务的深入人心,会有越来越多的应用采用Web服务架构,开发Web服务的需求 将不断增加．     

Web服务技术及其应用

随着Web技术的发展,Web服务在网络中得到了广泛的应用．本文结合Web服务的发展需求,详细介 绍Web服务的含义和Web服务的应用分类．最后介绍Web服务的现状,并探讨Web服务的应用前景．     

Web服务的研究与开发

就网上书店如何实现Web服务问题进行了研究与分析,首先是对Web服务技术进行简单的介绍,其次 是对Web服务中所用到的协议进行简单的阐述,然后简述了Web Services的现状和实现过程．