影响西北沙漠绿洲水均衡的两种人为因素

从宏观尺度上用遥感方法分析了天然绿洲的时空变化规律。以额济纳绿洲与和田绿洲为例,探讨了绿洲变化的原因,认为绿洲退化的动因都是人类的开发活动所导致的水均衡失调;以量化方式区分出绿洲退化的2类基本原因,即上游来水量的不断减少和过度农田开发导致的灌溉用水量与无效蒸发量增加。     

基于VB6.0和MapObjects组件的数据格式转换

近年来,地理信息系统(GIS)逐步应用到各行各业,地图数据绝大多数来源于测绘部门。由于传统测绘行业大多使用CAD类软件,这就出现了从CAD到GIS的数据转换问题。文章提出了以Visual Basic6.0为程序开发平台,利用MapObjects地图组件,把VCT文件转换为shape文件的方法,实现了2种数据格式的全信息转换。     

一种新的基于DCT变换的人脸表征

DCT变换是一种与KL变换非常相似的次最优变换算法.由于它独立于信号量,并且在维数下降、特征提取方面都非常接近经典的KL变换算法,因此DCT变换已经适用于模式识别领域.文章针对人脸图像,基于DCT变换,提出了一种融合整体DCT变换和分块加权DCT变换提取人脸图像的整体特征系数和局部特征系数,用于人脸表征的新方法.实验结果表明,本方法无论是在识别率还是在时间性能方面都优于传统的KL变换.     

微挠度桥梁及其试验研究

由于混凝土收缩、徐变和活载的作用,利用常规的方法很难满足机车对桥梁结构变形的要求,作者提出了一种新颖的结构体系———微挠度桥梁来实现这种要求。常规预应力体系用来消除恒载效应,新型的预应力体系用来消除活载效应及结构时变性效应,此种结构具有自适应性。其机理是通过感知元件监控结构的状态,诊断系统判断结构所处的状态,控制系统控制作动系统通过调整体外束的力调整结构的状态。为了验证微挠度桥梁实现的可能性,作者设计微挠度简支梁模型并实现了上述的控制思路。     

填埋场次压缩沉降的室内复合模型研究

从有限应变理论假设出发,在Kelvin模型的基础上推导出填埋场室内应力压缩模型.将该模型与简化的生物降解模型相结合可得到填埋场室内次压缩沉降模拟试验的复合模型.该复合模型既考虑了应力沉降的机理,又考虑了有机质降解产生沉降的机理,在考虑合适参数的条件下,计算值与实测值较为符合,可以为填埋场次沉降计算提供依据.     

排水板施工对软黏土扰动的现场试验研究

通过软黏土地基上塑料排水板施工过程的孔隙水压力观测及现场十字板强度试验,研究了排水板施工前后地基土体孔隙水压力增长和消散的规律,并且从软黏土地基的有效应力变化和结构扰动等方面分析了土体强度损失及恢复过程.结果表明:单根排水板施工引起的孔隙水压力增长较小,仅对表层孔隙水压力影响大;板群的施工对4 m范围内土体孔隙水压力的增长有叠加效应;排水板施工一方面使软土地基内的孔隙水压力增长,有效应力减小,导致软土强度的降低,另一方面使地基软土结构发生破坏而引起软土强度降低;孔隙水压力的增长引起的地基土强度损失恢复较快,而结构扰动引起的强度损失恢复较慢.     

改进的模糊一致矩阵决策方法及其应用

对基于模糊一致矩阵的决策方法目前尚存在的不足之处,如模糊优先关系矩阵的元素不能体现相应两个对象之间优劣的差异程度、满足条件a的最小值不容易确定、计算优度值进行单指标排序的方法有待改进等进行了分析,从模糊优先关系矩阵的构造、模糊一致矩阵的转化、排序方法等方面对基于模糊一致矩阵的决策方法进行了改进.将改进后的决策方法用于方案优选的实际问题,进行实证分析.分析结果表明,改进后的决策方法能更好地反映参评对象的实际情况.     

基于决策者风险态度的导流方案多目标决策研究

以导流方案优选为核心,在效用理论的基础上考虑决策者的风险态度,建立导流系统标准的效用损失函数,在导流系统标准期望效用损失均衡原则的指导下,合理分配施工导流系统风险,制定导流方案,运用多目标决策理论,建立基于决策者风险态度的导流方案多目标决策模型.实例分析表明,该决策模型是有效的,可以较好地解决导流方案的多目标决策问题.     

SAR image de-noising via grouping-based PCA and guided filter

A novel synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image de-noising method based on the local pixel grouping(LPG)principal component analysis(PCA)and guided filter is proposed.This method contains two steps.In the first step,we process the noisy image by coarse filters,which can suppress the speckle effectively.The original SAR image is transformed into the additive noise model by logarithmic transform with deviation correction.Then,we use the pixel and its nearest neighbors as a vector to select training samples from the local window by LPG based on the block similar matching.The LPG method ensures that only the similar sample patches are used in the local statistical calculation of PCA transform estimation,so that the local features of the image can be well preserved after coefficients shrinkage in the PCA domain.In the second step,we do the guided filtering which can effectively eliminate small artifacts left over from the coarse filtering.Experimental results of simulated and real SAR images show that the proposed method outstrips the state-of-the-art image de-noising methods in the peak signalto-noise ratio(PSNR),the structural similarity(SSIM)index and the equivalent number of looks(ENLs),and is of perceived image quality.     

Short-range clutter suppression method combining oblique projection and interpolation in airborne CFA radar

The airborne conformal array(CFA)radar's clutter ridges are range-modulated,which result in a bias in the estimation of the clutter covariance matrix(CCM)of the cell under test(CUT),further,reducing the clutter suppression performance of the airborne CFA radar.The clutter ridges can be effectively compensated by the space-time separation interpolation(STSINT)method,which costs less computation than the space-time interpolation(STINT)method,but the performance of interpolation algorithms is seriously affected by the short-range clutter,especially near the platform height.Location distributions of CFA are free,which yields serious impact that range spaces of steering vector matrices are non-orthogonal complement and even no longer disjoint.Further,a new method is proposed that the shortrange clutter is pre-processed by oblique projection with the intersected range spaces(OPIRS),and then clutter data after being pre-processed are compensated to the desired range bin through the STSINT method.The OPIRS also has good compatibility and can be used in combination with many existing methods.At the same time,oblique projectors of OPIRS can be obtained in advance,so the proposed method has almost the same computational load as the traditional compensation method.In addition,the proposed method can perform well when the channel error exists.Computer simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.