多车辆有时间窗约束的装卸货问题插入启发式算法

研究了多车辆有时间窗口约束的装卸货问题(m-PDPTw)的路径构造的常用算法--插入启发式算法.分析了插入算法中会影响解质量的因素,提出几个判据指导插入过程.在Solomon的VRPTW插入算法的基础上提出了改进的PDPTW插入算法.算例表明,改进的插入算法克服了简单插入算法的缺点,大大提高了解的质量.     

中国浙江网上技术市场介绍·意义篇

中国浙江网上技术市场是由浙江省人民政府、科学技术部和国家知识产权局共同主办，由浙江省科技厅、全省１１个市人民政府和各县（市、区）人民政府共同承办，浙江电信公司协办的综合性网上技术市场，并已在２００２年６月１０日投入试运行，这是经科技部批准建立的全国第一家网上技术市场。我们将分期介绍中国浙江网上技术市场的意义、功能和现阶段所取得的成绩。一、建立网上技术市场的必要性１．中小企业提高竞争力的内在要求我省的中小企业约占９９．７％。改革开放以来，我省的中小企业发展很快，取得了举世瞩目的成绩，主要得益于市场…     

激素和抗菌素结合治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的疗效

根据奶牛产后不同患病时期其生殖内分泌的机能状态,应用激素治疗途径人为调理下丘脑—垂体—性腺轴系与子宫的关系,增强病畜自我防卫能力,并与抗菌素相结合治疗73头子宫内膜炎奶牛。其中三合激素和土霉素结合治疗20头,治愈率为70％;雌激素、催产素和四环素结合治疗15头,治愈率为80％;雌激素和青、链霉素结合治疗21头,治愈率为76.19％;前列腺素和氯霉素结合治疗17头,治愈率为82.35％。     

气动侧力对汽车性能影响的研究

本文初步探讨了汽车空气动力学中气动侧力对汽车动力性、燃油经济性和操纵稳定性等性能的影响,建立了参数关系的数学模型.     

Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana

Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is unique among plant model organisms in having a small genome (130-140 Mb), excellent physical and genetic maps, and little repetitive DNA. Here we report the sequence of chromosome 2 from the Columbia ecotype in two gap-free assemblies (contigs) of 3.6 and 16 megabases (Mb). The latter represents the longest published stretch of uninterrupted DNA sequence assembled from any organism to date. Chromosome 2 represents 15% of the genome and encodes 4,037 genes, 49% of which have no predicted function. Roughly 250 tandem gene duplications were found in addition to large-scale duplications of about 0.5 and 4.5 Mb between chromosomes 2 and 1 and between chromosomes 2 and 4, respectively. Sequencing of nearly 2 Mb within the genetically defined centromere revealed a low density of recognizable genes, and a high density and diverse range of vestigial and presumably inactive mobile elements. More unexpected is what appears to be a recent insertion of a continuous stretch of 75% of the mitochondrial genome into chromosome 2.     

算滞后积的分段NTT和FFT方法

本文讨论算滞后积∑_(n-0)~(Q-r-1)X_nY_(n+r),r=0,1,……,N/2-1 (1)的分段NTT和FFT方法及其有关问题。其中的分段FFT方法是〔1〕、〔2〕中所述方法的改进。通常,相关估计中出现的滞后积,N/2比Q小很多。这将允许人们引入分段算法,使计算速度又有提高,此时     

Restriction enzyme-generated siRNA (REGS) vectors and libraries

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology facilitates the study of loss of gene function in mammalian cells and animal models, but generating multiple siRNA vectors using oligonucleotides is slow, inefficient and costly. Here we describe a new, enzyme-mediated method for generating numerous functional siRNA constructs from any gene of interest or pool of genes. To test our restriction enzyme-generated siRNA (REGS) system, we silenced a transgene and two endogenous genes and obtained the predicted phenotypes. REGS generated on average 34 unique siRNAs per kilobase of sequence. REGS enabled us to create enzymatically a complex siRNA library (>4 x 10(5) clones) from double-stranded cDNA encompassing known and unknown genes with 96% of the clones containing inserts of the appropriate size.     

Dominant influence of HLA-B in mediating the potential co-evolution of HIV and HLA

The extreme polymorphism in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I region of the human genome is suggested to provide an advantage in pathogen defence mediated by CD8+ T cells. HLA class I molecules present pathogen-derived peptides on the surface of infected cells for recognition by CD8+ T cells. However, the relative contributions of HLA-A and -B alleles have not been evaluated. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the class I restricted CD8+ T-cell responses against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), immune control of which is dependent upon virus-specific CD8+ T-cell activity. In 375 HIV-1-infected study subjects from southern Africa, a significantly greater number of CD8+ T-cell responses are HLA-B-restricted, compared to HLA-A (2.5-fold; P = 0.0033). Here we show that variation in viral set-point, in absolute CD4 count and, by inference, in rate of disease progression in the cohort, is strongly associated with particular HLA-B but not HLA-A allele expression (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.91, respectively). Moreover, substantially greater selection pressure is imposed on HIV-1 by HLA-B alleles than by HLA-A (4.4-fold, P = 0.0003). These data indicate that the principal focus of HIV-specific activity is at the HLA-B locus. Furthermore, HLA-B gene frequencies in the population are those likely to be most influenced by HIV disease, consistent with the observation that B alleles evolve more rapidly than A alleles. The dominant involvement of HLA-B in influencing HIV disease outcome is of specific relevance to the direction of HIV research and to vaccine design.