Overcompensation and population cycles in an ungulate.

Although theoretical studies show that overcompensatory density-dependent mechanisms can potentially generate regular or chaotic fluctuations in animal numbers, the majority of realistic single-species models of invertebrate populations are not overcompensatory enough to cause sustained population cycles. The possibility that overcompensation may generate cycles or chaos in vertebrate populations has seldom been considered. Here we show that highly overcompensatng density-dependent mortality can generate recurrent population crashes consistent with those observed in a naturally limited population of Soay sheep. The observed interval of three or more years between crashes points to sharp 'focusing' of mortality over a narrow range of population density.     

On the limitations of comparing mean square forecast errors

Linear models are invariant under non-singular, scale-preserving linear transformations, whereas mean square forecast errors (MSFEs) are not. Different rankings may result across models or methods from choosing alternative yet isomorphic representations of a process. One approach can dominate others for comparisons in levels, yet lose to another for differences, to a second for cointegrating vectors and to a third for combinations of variables. The potential for switches in ranking is related to criticisms of the inadequacy of MSFE against encompassing criteria, which are invariant under linear transforms and entail MSFE dominance. An invariant evaluation criterion which avoids misleading outcomes is examined in a Monte Carlo study of forecasting methods.     

确定威布尔分布三参数的一种计算方法

威布尔分布是描述部件寿伞的一种极为主要的分布,本文对确定威布尔分布的三参数,给出了一种试探性算法,方法简单、实用。     

耐火砖模具设计中空间平面尺寸的合理标注

分析空间四边平面加工过程中产生不共面的原因，提出了合理标注空间平面尺寸的方法并阐述了其理论根据。     

灰铸铁的应力屈服曲面及其三维热弹塑性应力解析

对原有的灰铸铁件应力屈服曲面进行了合理的简化,使其在理论上合理,工程应用上更为方便。建立了灰铸铁件三维非稳态热弹塑性应力场的有限元方法。以灰铸铁哑铃件为对象,用新屈服曲面对其应力发展过程进行了模拟,且比较了用新旧屈服面计算得到的结果。     

Choroidal and iris angioarchitecture of the newt: A scanning electron-microscopic study of vascular corrosion casts

The corrosion cast technique provided for the first time an excellent three-dimensional visualization of the vascular pattern of the choroid and iris in the newt eye. The results show the presence of a single arterial afference to the choroidal and iris capillaries: the ophthalmic artery is the origin fo both ciliary arteries and the long posterior ciliary artery. Slightly behind the equatorial circumference of the eyeball the venous drainage consists of a single vessel on the dorsal side and two distinct vessels on the ventral one. It receives blood from both iris and choroid. The surface of the plastic endocasts shows some details of fine luminal structures of the endothelial cells. Shallow depressions may be regarded as imprints of endothelial cell nuclei, and they are distinctly different for arteries and capillaries. The angioarchitecture of the newt eye differs from that of brain in that hairpin-shaped capillary loops are not observed at all.     

STUDY ON POLYPYRROLE-VISCOSE CONDUCTING FIBER

The conductivity of Polypyrrole-viscose conducting fiber prepared with author's method can be shown up to as high as 2.106x10~(-2) S/cm. The main factors influencing the conductivity are the concentration of FeCl_3 used as dopant and initiator, the treatment time of viscose fiber as base material in FeCl_3 solution, temperature and polymerization time. It is found that the orientation and crystallization degree of viscose fiber keep constant before and after conducting treatment and the mechanical properties of conducting fiber is the same as that of base material. In addition, the distribution of polypyrrole in viscose fiber, and its effect on the conductivity were investigated in details by TEM.     

连续生产精品肝素钠的新工艺

本文首次报道连续生产精品肝素钠的新工艺。猪小肠粘膜的提取液在用离子交换树脂吸附之前,先经过氧化除杂蛋白和脱色过程,既提高了树脂对肝素钠的吸附率,同时也减轻提取液中杂质对树脂的竞争和毒害。肝素钠从树脂上被洗脱后,再连续地进行再氧化、除酸、碱性蛋白和核酸、酒精反复沉淀等工艺过程,生产出精品肝素钠,效价为156±5u/mg,得率为1.092±0.035亿单位/1000kg粘膜,本工艺具有较大的应用价值。     

大尺寸YBa2Cu3O7—δ超导体的研制

利用固相反应法成功地制备了直径为100mm,厚为5mm的大尺寸YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)超导体。在通氧,930℃热处理45min后,超导体的上限转变温度为94K,零电阻温度为92K。x射线衍射进行物相定性,扫描电镜进行形貌和超导电性关系的对比观察。选区电子衍射给出YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)超导体的晶格参数为a=0.348nm,b=0.377nm,c=0.716nm,属于正交晶系。     

Phenological studies of selected savanna mosses of south-western Nigeria

It was established that there is little diversity of bryophytes in the derived savanna. Mosses were found in the sampling sites, whereas liverworts were rarely observed. The reproductive methods of four dominant sexually reproducing savanna mosses —Archidium ohioense, Bryum coronatum, Fissidens minutifolius andTrachycarpidium tisserantii were monitored over two consecutive rainy seasons. Protonemal and gametophyte production were noticed in the field in March/April, and capsule dehiscence and spore dispersal occurred in September/October. The sequential stages of development, starting with gametangial production and ending with the falling of the dehisced capsules, occurred within the rainy season. However,A. ohioense andT. tisserantii did not discharge their spores easily (cleistocarpous), unlike the stegocarpous speciesB. coronatum andF. minutifolius. Water availability and possibly high humidity may have contributed to growth. The short period between sex organ formation and dehiscence of capsule seen in these studies, compared with the longer period in some temperate mosses, may be an advantage for bryophytes in a savanna environment.