科学、工业和日本的新挑战(下)

三、科学的计算机化 1.科学计算机化的产生 在当前世界范围的经济竞争中,又出现了一项规模惊人的事业。这就是:要把四百年来的科研成果和智慧全部编入计算机程序,用来帮助探索自然资源,研制工业产品,     

第三世界应采取的技术战略

危机是当今非常时行的词,人们经常谈论到它。危机有经济方面的,社会方面的,政治方面的,也有战略方面的。很明显,我们不能在此对这些危机一一加以讨论。因此,我集中谈谈经济危机,并把它和第三世界国家在选择技术时能从中吸取些什么教训联系到一起来谈。Ⅰ工业化国家的经济危机和第三世界的选择     

全球性岩石学的作用必将增长

我认为,科学中某个具体方向的前景取决于它是否处在其主要方向的轨道上,如果回答是肯定的,那末这一局部方向必然会得到发展,而如果它只是一个分支,那末无论什么样的工作,哪怕是才华出众的工作,或者特别的组织措施,都不能有助于他对科学的总发展作出重大的贡献。自然,正确决定地质科学的总方向是一项困难的任务,因为和其他自然科学一样,地质学也是显著地分化了而且不排除每     

Modification of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel with Yttrium

The modification affects of yttrium on formation of nonmetallicinclusions in steel has been studied by use of metallographic method. The effect of added quantity of modificater on type and size of inclusions was also studied in this work.     

Newton type methods for solving nonsmooth equations

1.INTRODUCTION Thenonsmoothequationsproblemplaysanimportant roleinengineering,systemanalysis,management scienceandetc.Manypublicationsdealtwiththe methodsforsolutionofnonsmoothequations,see Refs.[1～4].Letusconsiderthesystemofnons moothequations F(x)=0(1)whereF∶Rn→RmislocallyLipschitzian.NewtonmethodsforsolvingthenonsmoothEq.(1)aregiven asfollows xk+1=xk-V-1kF(xk)(2)whereVkisanelementofvarioussubdifferentialsof Fatxk,forinstance,Clarkesubdifferential[1],B differential[2],b differen…     

A Sultone Route to the Antileukemic 1 ,10-Seco-Eudesmanolides （ - ）-Eriolanin and （ - ）-Eriolangin

The highly oxygenated 1,10-seco-eudesmanolides （ - ）-eriolanin （ 1 ） and （ - ）-eriolangin （2） isolated from the plant Eriophyllum lanatum （Asteraceae） inhibit the growth of the human KB tumor cell line in vitro and additionally display a significant antileukemie activity in vivo in mice （Scheme 1 ）. Using novel methods for the synthetic elaboration of sultones, the first enantioseleetive total syntheses of 1 and 2 have been accomplished, which also established the hitherto unknown absolute configuration of these natural produets.     

Endogenous Stackelberg Leadership with Uncertain Information

1 ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ,ｍａｎｙｅｆｆｏｒｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｍａｄｅｔｏｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｎｏｎ ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅｇａｍｅｔｈｅｏｒｙｆｒｏｍａｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ -ｔｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃｖｉｅｗｐｏｉｎｔ.Ｏｐｐｏｓｉｔｅｔｏｔｈｅｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｖｉｅｗｏｆｍｉｘｅｄｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓａｓｃｏｎｓｃｉｏｕｓｒａｎｄｏｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｓ,ｐｌａｙｅｒｓｄｏｎｏｔｐｅｒ ｆｏｒｍｒａｎｄｏｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ .Ｏｎｅｐｌａｙｅｒｃｈｏｏｓｅｓａｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｅａｃｔｉｏ…     

THE COMEDY

A Critieism of the "Divine Comedy" of Dame Alighieri Translated from theItalian of Francesco di SanetisAny one who has followed me will have seen that the Divine Comedywas not a new, original. or extraordinary idea sprung from the mind of Dameand thrown into the midst of a marvelling world. Rather its importance lay inthat it was everybody's idea, the thought that was lying at the bottom of all theliterary forms: legends, visions, treatise. treasures, gardens, sonnets and canzoni.The Alle…     

Epitypification： should we epitypify？

Epitypification can solve many taxonomic problems and stabilize the understanding of species, genera, families or orders. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how to epitypify. A few examples where taxa have been epitypified are considered and the benefits and disadvantages of epitypification are discussed. We also outline some examples of taxa which need to be epitypifled with reasons.     

用分子计算

计算机的速度能够达到多快?功能可以有多强大?可不可能有这么一天，人们创造出的人工“大脑”的智力与人类大脑相当——甚至优于人类?这些问题的答案在很大程度上以一个因素为基础，而这个因素就是：我们能够制得多小尺寸的计算机电路，以及能达到多大的集成密度。