关于局部分次Morita对偶

证明了一些gr－线性紧模的性质，刻划了gr－内射，gr－线性紧和gr－反射之间的关系。同时给出了局部分次Morrita对偶的刻划， 推广了C.Menini和A.D.Rio 的一个主要结果。     

随机多址访问协议中最优帧模式的混合遗传算法

在随机接入协议中 ,竞争时隙与预约时隙在一帧中的相对位置 (帧模式 )对系统的吞吐量有很大的影响 .利用混合遗传算法搜索出不同业务量下的最优帧模式 ,提高了系统的吞吐量 .     

Don't mess with the matrix.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is critical to morphogenesis and homeostasis. The identification of inactivating mutations in a gene encoding one of its modifying enzymes, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), in people with a hereditary disorder in which the bones disintegrate, represents the first genetic evidence that the proteolysis of the ECM mediates human growth and development. It also underscores the need for an intricate balance between breakdown and deposition of the ECM.     

Mutations in a human homologue of Drosophila crumbs cause retinitis pigmentosa (RP12).

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases that afflicts approximately 1.5 million people worldwide. Affected individuals suffer from a progressive degeneration of the photoreceptors, eventually resulting in severe visual impairment. To isolate candidate genes for chorioretinal diseases, we cloned cDNAs specifically or preferentially expressed in the human retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) through a novel suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method. One of these cDNAs (RET3C11) mapped to chromosome 1q31-q32.1, a region harbouring a gene involved in a severe form of autosomal recessive RP characterized by a typical preservation of the para-arteriolar RPE (RP12; ref. 3). The full-length cDNA encodes an extracellular protein with 19 EGF-like domains, 3 laminin A G-like domains and a C-type lectin domain. This protein is homologous to the Drosophila melanogaster protein crumbs (CRB), and denoted CRB1 (crumbs homologue 1). In ten unrelated RP patients with preserved para-arteriolar RPE, we identified a homozygous AluY insertion disrupting the ORF, five homozygous missense mutations and four compound heterozygous mutations in CRB1. The similarity to CRB suggests a role for CRB1 in cell-cell interaction and possibly in the maintenance of cell polarity in the retina. The distinct RPE abnormalities observed in RP12 patients suggest that CRB1 mutations trigger a novel mechanism of photoreceptor degeneration.     

Susceptibility to testicular germ-cell tumours in a 129.MOLF-Chr 19 chromosome substitution strain.

The identification of genes that control susceptibility to testicular germ-cell tumours (TGCTs), the most common cancer affecting young men, has been difficult. In laboratory mice, TGCTs arise from primordial germ cells in only the 129 inbred strains, and susceptibility is under multigenic control. The spontaneously arising mutation Ter (ref. 5) on mouse chromosome 18 (Refs 6,7) increases TGCT frequency on a 129/Sv background. We originally used Ter in genetic crosses to identify loci that control tumorigenesis. A genome scan of tumour-bearing progeny from backcrosses between the 129/Sv-Ter/+ and MOLF/Ei strains provided modest evidence that MOLF-derived alleles on chromosome 19 enhance development of bilateral TGCTs (ref. 9). To obtain independent evidence for linkage to the MOLF chromosome, we made an autosomal chromosome substitution strain (CSS; or 'consomic strain') in which chromosome 19 of 129/Sv+/+ was replaced by its MOLF-derived homologue. The unusually high frequency of TGCTs in this CSS (even in the absence of the Ter mutation) provides evidence confirming the genome survey results, identifies linkage for a naturally occurring strain variant allele that confers susceptibility to TGCTs and illustrates the power of CSSs in complex trait analysis.     

Meiotic instability of human minisatellite CEB1 in yeast requires DNA double-strand breaks.

Minisatellites are tandemly repeated DNA sequences of 10-100-bp units. Some minisatellite loci are highly unstable in the human germ line, and structural analysis of mutant alleles has suggested that repeat instability results from a recombination-based process. To provide insights into the molecular mechanism of human minisatellite instability, we developed Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains carrying alleles of the most unstable human minisatellite locus, CEB1 (ref. 2). We observed that CEB1 is destabilized in meiosis, resulting in a variety of intra- and inter-allelic gains or losses of repeat units, similar to rearrangements described in humans. Using mutations affecting the initiation of recombination (spo11) or mismatch repair (msh2 pms1 ), we demonstrate that meiotic destabilization depends on the initiation of homologous recombination at nearby DNA double-strand break (DSBs) sites and involves a 'rearranged heteroduplex' intermediate. Most of the human and yeast data can be explained and unified in the context of DSB repair models.     

Trail-following responses ofLeptogenys diminuta to stereoisomers of 4-methyl-3-heptanol

Behavioral tests carried out with the four stereoisomers of 4-methyl-3-heptanol revealed thatLeptogenys diminuta ants respond specifically only to the (3R, 4S)-isomer.     

A potent attractant of zoospores ofAphanomyces cochlioides isolated from its host,Spinacia oleracea

A highly potent attractant of zoospores ofAphanomyces cochlioides, a causal fungus of the root rot disease of spinach (Spinacia oleracea), was isolated from spinach roots, and its structure was determined by spectroscopic evidence and chemical synthesis as cochliophilin A (5-hydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone,1). A chromosorb particle prepared by soaking in solution of1 showed a potent attracting activity toward the zoospores using concentrations of1 above 10^–9 or 10^–10 M.     

Gastrointestinal transit and digestibility of maltitol,sucrose and sorbitol in rats: A multicompartmental model and recovery study

Using data obtained with a dye marker and the gavage technique, the kinetics of gastrointestinal transit of different loads of sugar substitutes (maltitol, sorbitol) and sugar (sucrose) in the rat were analysed using a linear multicompartmental model over a range from the realistic to the non-physiologic high, of carbohydrate intake levels and using only a few experimental time points. The model gave detailed insight into intestinal propulsion and gastrocecal transit time. Rate constants of transport between the compartments investigated were determined; they showed characteristics which could be related to the substance and the dosage administered. Analyses of the gastrointestinal content and calculations of the intestinal net water movement showed that the digestibility and absorption of the disaccharide sugar alcohol, maltitol, in the small gut depended inversely on the dose ingested. For all substances tested, caloric availability in the small intestine was calculated. At a physiological low level of maltitol intake, the results also indicated an insignificant calorie-saving effect in comparison to sucrose, an effect based mainly on the slow absorption rate of the maltitol cleavage product sorbitol.