超新星背后的秘密

在宇宙的某个地方每一秒钟都会发生超新星爆发。即使它们的距离极为遥远,这一恒星灾变现象仍能为我们提供有关恒星形成的重要信息——其抛射出几个太阳质量的恒星碎片丰富了星际空间重元素和放射性元素的含量。 尽管超新星非常的明亮,但是超新星爆发的能量     

甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯季铵盐与苯乙烯两亲共聚物的共聚活性

以甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯季胺盐(QASDMAEMA)-溴代乙烷(MAEB)、溴代丁烷(MABB)、硫酸二甲酯(MADMS)及磷酸三甲酯(MATMP)季胺盐和苯乙烯(St)为单体,采用溶液自由基共聚合方法,合成了一类新型阳离子两亲共聚物.用元素分析确定两亲共聚物的组成,详细地研究了两类单体的共聚活性,比较了Finemann-Ross法和线性化(YBR)法,并得出四对共聚单体(MAEB/St、MABB/St、MADMS/St及MATMP/St)的竞聚率,其分别为:rMABB=0.44, rSt=0.15; rMAEB=0.66, rSt=0.36; rMADMS=0.66, rSt=0.27; rMATMP=0.34, rSt=0.49.最后,用Price-Alfrey的Q-e关系式研究了单体的共轭性和极性因子.     

中国3种重点保护蕨类植物孢子的扫描电镜观察

在扫描电镜下观察了中国3种重点保护蕨类植物孢子表面的微形态学特征,即中华水韭(Isoetes sinensis)、水蕨(Ceratopteris thalictroides)和金毛狗(Cibotium barometz).对过去在光镜下观察的一些不准确的描述进行了修正和补充.研究结果对于准确鉴别该3种蕨类植物和研究其亲缘关系提供了有重要价值的孢粉学依据.     

极低频磁场的生物学效应

极低频磁场的生物学效应是当前国际上关注的研究热点 .本文介绍了极低频磁场生物学效应的物理原理及实验研究 ,并综述了极低频磁场对中枢神经的影响以及在临床上的应用 .     

热带轧机轧辊表面氧化膜疲劳脱落的有限元分析

根据热带轧机工作辊与支撑辊之间的接触应力、带钢与工作辊之间的应力,以及轧制过程中的轧辊热应力解析结果,利用大型有限元分析工具ANSYS分析了热轧带钢轧辊的表面氧化膜疲劳脱落问题·结果表明,随着加载次数的增加,氧化膜在原有微裂纹处沿X方向的疲劳应力增加,这将导致在原有微裂纹处沿Y方向产生疲劳裂纹·在氧化膜与轧辊基体的结合面上,由于剪切应力的增加将发生沿轧辊氧化膜与轧辊基体结合部位X方向疲劳裂纹·由于X方向疲劳裂纹和Y方向疲劳裂纹的不断扩展,使得裂纹相遇而导致了轧辊表面氧化膜的脱落·     

智能现场仪表在水库大坝自动化系统中应用

传感器的选用是对水库大坝渗漏进行长期监测的关键技术之一，对Endress Hauser公司的DB53型静压式液位传感器的传感原理、特殊封装结构、技术特点及现场应用情况作了详细分析，同时对这种现场总线型智能化仪表使用的现场总线技术Profibus-PA基础作了介绍。采用智能现场总线仪表的南城子水库自动化系统，可靠性和自动化程度大大提高，这对大坝安全和库区调度决策将起到重要的作用。     

丁二烯选择性加氢催化剂制备因素研究进展

FCC等装置所产少量丁二烯对 C4馏分的进一步加工利用有很大妨碍 ,采用选择加氢除去丁二烯是经济可行的办法 ,因此 ,对催化剂的研究具有实用性和必要性 .文中简要介绍了丁二烯选择性加氢催化剂的历史和现状 ,分析了丁二烯催化加氢的反应机理 ,研究了催化剂制备过程中催化剂载体、活性前身物、制备方法、制备条件和后加工过程对催化剂物性和催化加氢反应性能的影响 ,指出 Pd基双金属催化剂是该领域的最新发展趋势 .     

Palaeolake and palaeoenvironment between 42 and 18 kaBP in tengger desert, NW China

Comprehensive field investigations and laboratory analyses show that palaeolakes, including fresh- mesohaline water Megalake Tengger and other semi-con- nected, isolated water bodies, during late Pleistocene covered an area of more than 20000 km², which is more than half of the Tengger Desert in NW China. Stratigraphic correlation and chronological evidence indicate that before ca. 42000 aBP the area was more arid. The palaeolakes started to develop around 40000 uncal. ¹⁴C aBP but until 37000 ¹⁴C aBP their scope was limited. High water levels established from 35000 ¹⁴C aBP lasted until 22000 ¹⁴CaBP. Lake levels regressed between 22000 and 20000 ¹⁴C aBP but transgressed from 20000 to 18600 ¹⁴C aBP. Subsequently, water level declined further and the Megalake Tengger finally desiccated at around 18000 ¹⁴C aBP. Megalake Tengger possessed a fresh-mesohaline water property, implying that the regional precipitation increased significantly. During the period of Megalake Tengger, the climate was warmer-humid than present. The annual rainfall was 250 to 350 mm more than that of today and the temperature was 1.5 to 3.0℃ higher.     

Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins.

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) diverts energy from ATP synthesis to thermogenesis in the mitochondria of brown adipose tissue by catalysing a regulated leak of protons across the inner membrane. The functions of its homologues, UCP2 and UCP3, in other tissues are debated. UCP2 and UCP3 are present at much lower abundance than UCP1, and the uncoupling with which they are associated is not significantly thermogenic. Mild uncoupling would, however, decrease the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, which are important mediators of oxidative damage. Here we show that superoxide increases mitochondrial proton conductance through effects on UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3. Superoxide-induced uncoupling requires fatty acids and is inhibited by purine nucleotides. It correlates with the tissue expression of UCPs, appears in mitochondria from yeast expressing UCP1, and is absent in skeletal muscle mitochondria from UCP3 knockout mice. Our findings indicate that the interaction of superoxide with UCPs may be a mechanism for decreasing the concentrations of reactive oxygen species inside mitochondria.     

拟三角Hopf代数上的辫子Doi-Hopf模的广义积分和Maschke型定理(英文)

1997年Caenepeel,Militaru和Zhu[1]证明了Doi Hopf模的Maschke型定理 ,在这篇文章中 ,我们引进了辫子Doi Hopf模 ,证明了类似的Maschke型定理