首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   27615篇
  免费   96篇
  国内免费   142篇
系统科学   140篇
丛书文集   371篇
教育与普及   101篇
理论与方法论   101篇
现状及发展   12787篇
研究方法   1045篇
综合类   13011篇
自然研究   297篇
  2013年   235篇
  2012年   405篇
  2011年   673篇
  2010年   217篇
  2008年   475篇
  2007年   515篇
  2006年   496篇
  2005年   541篇
  2004年   537篇
  2003年   504篇
  2002年   515篇
  2001年   721篇
  2000年   748篇
  1999年   492篇
  1994年   346篇
  1992年   429篇
  1991年   358篇
  1990年   409篇
  1989年   393篇
  1988年   400篇
  1987年   400篇
  1986年   426篇
  1985年   538篇
  1984年   365篇
  1983年   385篇
  1982年   309篇
  1981年   310篇
  1980年   375篇
  1979年   836篇
  1978年   696篇
  1977年   672篇
  1976年   517篇
  1975年   584篇
  1974年   788篇
  1973年   668篇
  1972年   725篇
  1971年   836篇
  1970年   1000篇
  1969年   874篇
  1968年   858篇
  1967年   777篇
  1966年   678篇
  1965年   492篇
  1959年   267篇
  1958年   502篇
  1957年   398篇
  1956年   347篇
  1955年   309篇
  1954年   307篇
  1948年   262篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
Q Gu  F A Popp 《Experientia》1992,48(11-12):1069-1082
By considering an exciplex system consisting of collective molecules in interaction with both the 'pumping' fields and the biophoton fields, the two-level exciplex model and the three-level exciplex model are presented. They are useful for the investigation of the quasi-stationary behaviour of biophoton emission, and biophoton emission as a dynamic process in the presence of external perturbations. Our theoretical results predict a series of nonlinear effects, such as chaos, fractal behaviour, and non-equilibrium phase transition. These effects characterize the coherence nature of living systems. In our approaches, there are two important quantities f and x, which can be used to mark the working points of the two-level and three-level exciplex systems. All the influences of external perturbations on the exciplex systems, e.g. change of temperature, the addition of agents, exposure to light, etc., can be interpreted as shifts of the working points of the systems, leading to a diversity of nonlinear response of biophoton emission. In addition, the agreements of the theoretical results and the corresponding experimental observations on biophoton emission from biological systems in the presence of external perturbations are demonstrated.  相似文献   
102.
103.
During the past few years, several methods have been developed for the detection of specific nucleic acid sequences by in situ hybridization using non-radioactive labels such as fluorochromes, cytochemically detectable enzymes and electron-dense markers. These methods are preferable to autoradiography in terms of speed of performance and topological resolution. Their limited sensitivity, however, has so far restricted their use to the detection of repeated sequences. Here we report single gene detection with a procedure using 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-modified probes, immunoperoxidase cytochemistry and reflection-contrast microscopy. We confirmed the autoradiographic data on the localization of the human thyroglobulin (Tg) gene to the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 8. A mixture of cosmid cHT2-derived subclones of the 3' part of the Tg gene, 22.3 kilobase pairs (kbp) in total, was used as a hybridization probe. This procedure can be used to map other unique sequences, if genomic clones are available from which clones with an appropriate amount of inserts can be isolated.  相似文献   
104.
On going trend of miniaturization in electronic rel at ed parts, which is an average of two times in every 5~7 years introduce grindin g challenges. In grinding process, the surface waviness control of thin parts is an ardent task due to its warpage, induced by the high specific grinding energy (2~10 J/mm 3). Therefore, coolant is often used to avoid thermal damage, obtai n better surface integrity and to prolong wheel life. However coolant, the incomp ressibility media introduce high forces at the gri...  相似文献   
105.
With a unique corporate culture based on ancient Ch in ese wisdom being implemented at workplace for more than 10 years, we have been e ncountering various issue of managing conflicts, in particular at organization r estructure period, although we perceive that conflict does not necessarily have dysfunctional effect on our group performance. However, conflicts between and am ong various levels of the organization hierarchy are inevitably creating certain impact on our organization cohesiveness, performa...  相似文献   
106.
107.
R A Silver  S F Traynelis  S G Cull-Candy 《Nature》1992,355(6356):163-166
Neurotransmission from mossy fibre terminals onto cerebellar granule cells is almost certainly mediated by L-glutamate. By taking advantage of the small soma size, limited number of processes and short dendrite length of granule cells, we have obtained high-resolution recordings of spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (m.e.p.s.cs) and evoked currents in thin cerebellar slices. Miniature currents have a similar time-course and pharmacology to evoked currents and consist of an exceptionally fast non-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) component (measured rise-time, 200 microseconds; estimated pre-filtered rise-time less than 100 microseconds; decay time constant, tau = 1.0 ms), followed by 50 pS NMDA channel openings that are directly resolvable. We could find no evidence for the recent proposal that miniature currents in granule cells are mediated solely by NMDA channels with a novel time course. The non-NMDA receptor component of m.e.p.s.cs has a skewed amplitude distribution, which suggests potential complications for quantal analysis. The difference in time course between the m.e.p.s.cs reported here and other synaptic currents in the brain could reflect differences in synaptic function or electrotonic filtering; the relative contribution of these possibilities has yet to be established.  相似文献   
108.
The inherited osteolyses or 'vanishing bone' syndromes are a group of rare disorders of unknown etiology characterized by destruction and resorption of affected bones. The multicentric osteolyses are notable for interphalangeal joint erosions that mimic severe juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (OMIMs 166300, 259600, 259610 and 277950). We recently described an autosomal recessive form of multicentric osteolysis with carpal and tarsal resorption, crippling arthritic changes, marked osteoporosis, palmar and plantar subcutaneous nodules and distinctive facies in a number of consanguineous Saudi Arabian families. We localized the disease gene to 16q12-21 by using members of these families for a genome-wide search for homozygous-by-descent microsatellite markers. Haplotype analysis narrowed the critical region to a 1.2-cM region that spans the gene encoding MMP-2 (gelatinase A, collagenase type IV; (ref. 3). We detected no MMP2 enzymatic activity in the serum or fibroblasts of affected family members. We identified two family-specific homoallelic MMP2 mutations: R101H and Y244X. The nonsense mutation effects a deletion of the substrate-binding and catalytic sites and the fibronectin type II-like and hemopexin/TIMP2 binding domains. Based on molecular modeling, the missense mutation disrupts hydrogen bond formation within the highly conserved prodomain adjacent to the catalytic zinc ion.  相似文献   
109.
研究以水泥处理固体有机物时,有机物对水泥水化的影响。以膜流模式说明水份在水泥浆体内传输的现象。水膜存在半干之水泥浆体,其厚度小于100nm,膜流由离分压所驱动,而离分压来自分子间作用力。膜拟结果发现,水泥浆体内局部位置可用以进行水化之水量为Q=-Aslv/6vπ。当有机物添加在水泥浆体内时,会影响Hamaker常数,Aslv因此可能使膜流不稳定或完全抑制膜流,因而使水泥浆体内局部缺水,影响水化进行,造成成品强度降低,影响品质。  相似文献   
110.
T Matsuda  Y Yabushita  T Doi  H Iwata 《Experientia》1985,41(7):924-925
The highest specific activity of thiamin pyrophosphokinase was found in the cerebellum, and lower activity in cerebral cortex and midbrain. The regional difference in the enzyme activity was similar to that in thiamin content and the influx rate in rat brain, suggesting that the enzyme is involved in the thiamin transport.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号