Ruin Probability with Variable Premium Rate and Disturbed by Diffusion in a Markovian Environment

We consider a risk model with a premium rate which varies with the level of free reserves. In this model, the occurrence of claims is described by a Cox process with Markov intensity process, and the influence of stochastic factors is considered by adding a diffusion process. The integro-differential equation for the ruin probability is derived by a infinitesimal method.     

语言判断矩阵的一致性及相关问题研究

研究了语言判断矩阵的一致性及基于语言判断矩阵的方案排序问题.在给出语言判断矩阵有关概念的基础上,通过对有序语言短语集中的有序语言短语进行"量化",给出了语言间相互作用的运算定义,探讨了语言短语及语言判断矩阵的基本性质,进一步从理论上提出了语言判断矩阵完全一致性和满意一致性的概念;为了方便检验语言判断矩阵的一致性,通过引入导出矩阵的概念将语言判断矩阵转化为数量矩阵,并提出了语言判断矩阵完全一致性、满意一致性的简便的判定方法;针对基于语言判断矩阵的方案排序问题,根据导出矩阵的性质通过求解最大特征根,给出了一种简便的方案排序方法;最后通过两个算例说明了本文给出的一致性判定方法和方案排序方法.     

Newton's Easy Quadratures ``Omitted for the Sake of Brevity'

In the 1687 Principia, Newton gave a solution to the direct problem (given the orbit and center of force, find the central force) for a conic-section with a focal center of force (answer: a reciprocal square force) and for a spiral orbit with a polar center of force (answer: a reciprocal cube force). He did not, however, give solutions for the two corresponding inverse problems (given the force and center of force, find the orbit). He gave a cryptic solution to the inverse problem of a reciprocal cube force, but offered no solution for the reciprocal square force. Some take this omission as an indication that Newton could not solve the reciprocal square, for, they ask, why else would he not select this important problem? Others claim that ``it is child's play' for him, as evidenced by his 1671 catalogue of quadratures (tables of integrals). The answer to that question is obscured for all who attempt to work through Newton's published solution of the reciprocal cube force because it is done in the synthetic geometric style of the 1687 Principia rather than in the analytic algebraic style that Newton employed until 1671. In response to a request from David Gregory in 1694, however, Newton produced an analytic version of the body of the proof, but one which still had a geometric conclusion. Newton's charge is to find both ``the orbit' and ``the time in orbit.' In the determination of the dependence of the time on orbital position, t(r), Newton evaluated an integral of the form ∫dx/x <sup>n</sup> to calculate a finite algebraic equation for the area swept out as a function of the radius, but he did not write out the analytic expression for time t = t(r), even though he knew that the time t is proportional to that area. In the determination of the orbit, θ (r), Newton obtained an integral of the form ∫dx/√(1−x<sup>2</sup>) for the area that is proportional to the angle θ, an integral he had shown in his 1669 On Analysis by Infinite Equations to be equal to the arcsin(x). Since the solution must therefore contain a transcendental function, he knew that a finite algebraic solution for θ=θ(r) did not exist for ``the orbit' as it had for ``the time in orbit.' In contrast to these two solutions for the inverse cube force, however, it is not possible in the inverse square solution to generate a finite algebraic expression for either ``the orbit' or ``the time in orbit.' In fact, in Lemma 28, Newton offers a demonstration that the area of an ellipse cannot be given by a finite equation. I claim that the limitation of Lemma 28 forces Newton to reject the inverse square force as an example and to choose instead the reciprocal cube force as his example in Proposition 41. (Received August 14, 2002) Published online March 26, 2003 Communicated by G. Smith     

化学问题解决的“信息加工”策略

本文借鉴现代认知心理学的某些观点，结合例证阐述了复杂化学问题解决的“信息加工”策略：信息简约、信息类比、信息引伸、信息转换、信息评价等等．     

基于AHP的运输船舶多目标模糊综合评判

在简要分析了 AHP和模糊综合评判两种系统评价方法特点的基础上 ,把两种方法组合起来 ,并将其应用于运输船舶的性能综合评价 .结论证明该方法兼具两种方法的优点 ,而且是简便易行的.     

STABILITY CRITERIA FOR A CLASS OF UNCERTAINSYSTEMS WITH TIME—DELAY

Some stability criteria are obtained for a class of uncertain systems with time-delay usingLyapunov functional and analytic techniques. It is easy to check the criteria by making use of theboundedness of the uncertainties.     

Technical Notes ：STUDIES ON THE VALUE OF SECONDARY MARKET TO THE SUPPLY CHAIN

This paper investigates the impact of a secondary market, where retailers can buy and sell excessinventories, on the supply chain. We develop a two-period model with a single manufacturer and tworetailers. At the beginning of the first period the retailers order and receive products from themanufacturer, but at the beginning of the second period, they can trade surplus products betweenthemselves in the secondary market. We investigate the impact of the correlated dependence ofretailers' demand on both the quantity effect and the allocation effect under the secondary market.Lastly,we study potential strategies for the manufacturer to increase sales with the existence of thesecondary market.     

GDX—硅胶混合薄层色谱板的效率和定量性能

对用ＧＤＸ－１０２－硅胶Ｇ、有机粘合剂研制出的混合薄层板进行性能测试，评价了其在硝基苯胺异构体、酸性食品染料分离测试方面的应用，得到好的结果。     

基于Elmore模型的Steiner树问题的求解

建立了一种求解基于Elmore延迟模型的Steiner树问题的遗传算法。针对Steiner树问题的特点,在引入一种新的具有自适应性的杂交概率和变异概率的基础上,提出了面向Steinet树问题的遺传算法和一种构造染色体的新方法。提供了遗传算法的结构并讨论了遗传算子。分析了基于时间和空间的算法复杂性。     

FROM MANUFACTURING SCHEDULING TO SUPPLY CHAIN COORDINATION：THE CONTROL OF COMPLEXITY AND UNCERTAINTY

With time-based competition and rapid technology advancements, effective manufacturingscheduling and supply chain coordination are critical to quickly respond to changing marketconditions. These problems, however, are difficult in view of inherent complexity and variousuncertainties involved. Based on a series of results by the authors, decomposition and coordination byusing Lagrangian relaxation is identified in this paper as an effective way to control complexity anduncertainty.A manufacturing scheduling problem is first formulated within the job shop context withuncertain order arrivals, processing times, due dates, and part priorities as a separable optimizationproblem. A solution methodology that combines Lagrangian relaxation, stochastic dynamicprogramming, and heuristics is developed. Method improvements to effectively solve large problemsare also highlighted. To extend manufacturing scheduling within a factory to coordinate autonomicmembers across chains of suppliers, a decentralized supply chai