Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces

Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified ～ 3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained ～ 36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice.     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.     

A genome-wide association study in Han Chinese identifies new susceptibility loci for ankylosing spondylitis

To identify susceptibility loci for ankylosing spondylitis, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study in Han Chinese. In the discovery stage, we analyzed 1,356,350 autosomal SNPs in 1,837 individuals with ankylosing spondylitis and 4,231 controls; in the validation stage, we analyzed 30 suggestive SNPs in an additional 2,100 affected individuals and 3,496 controls. We identified two new susceptibility loci between EDIL3 and HAPLN1 at 5q14.3 (rs4552569; P = 8.77 × 10(-10)) and within ANO6 at 12q12 (rs17095830; P = 1.63 × 10(-8)). We also confirmed previously reported associations in Europeans within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region (top SNP, rs13202464; P < 5 × 10(-324)) and at 2p15 (rs10865331; P = 1.98 × 10(-8)). We show that rs13202464 within the MHC region mainly represents the risk effect of HLA-B*27 variants (including HLA-B*2704, HLA-B*2705 and HLA-B*2715) in Chinese. The two newly discovered loci implicate genes related to bone formation and cartilage development, suggesting their potential involvement in the etiology of ankylosing spondylitis.     

A genome-wide association study in Chinese men identifies three risk loci for non-obstructive azoospermia

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is one of the most severe forms of male infertility. Its pathophysiology is largely unknown, and few genetic influences have been defined. To identify common variants contributing to NOA in Han Chinese men, we performed a three-stage genome-wide association study of 2,927 individuals with NOA and 5,734 controls. The combined analyses identified significant (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)) associations between NOA risk and common variants near PRMT6 (rs12097821 at 1p13.3: odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, P = 5.7 × 10(-10)), PEX10 (rs2477686 at 1p36.32: OR = 1.39, P = 5.7 × 10(-12)) and SOX5 (rs10842262 at 12p12.1: OR = 1.23, P = 2.3 × 10(-9)). These findings implicate genetic variants at 1p13.3, 1p36.32 and 12p12.1 in the etiology of NOA in Han Chinese men.     

Frequent mutations of chromatin remodeling genes in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common type of bladder cancer. Here we sequenced the exomes of nine individuals with TCC and screened all the somatically mutated genes in a prevalence set of 88 additional individuals with TCC with different tumor stages and grades. In our study, we discovered a variety of genes previously unknown to be mutated in TCC. Notably, we identified genetic aberrations of the chromatin remodeling genes (UTX, MLL-MLL3, CREBBP-EP300, NCOR1, ARID1A and CHD6) in 59% of our 97 subjects with TCC. Of these genes, we showed UTX to be altered substantially more frequently in tumors of low stages and grades, highlighting its potential role in the classification and diagnosis of bladder cancer. Our results provide an overview of the genetic basis of TCC and suggest that aberration of chromatin regulation might be a hallmark of bladder cancer.     

Behavior Model Construction for Client Side of Modern Web Applications

Most of the behavior models with respect to Web applications focus on sequencing of events,without regard for the changes of parameters or elements and the relationship between trigger conditions of events and Web pages.As a result,these models are not sufficient to effectively represent the dynamic behavior of the Web2.0 application.Therefore,in this paper,to appropriately describe the dynamic behavior of the client side of Web applications,we define a novel Client-side Behavior Model(CBM) for Web applications and present a user behavior trace-based modeling method to automatically generate and optimize CBMs.To verify the effectiveness of our method,we conduct a series of experiments on six Web applications according to three types of user behavior traces.The experimental results show that our modeling method can construct CBMs automatically and effectively,and the CBMs built are more precise to represent the dynamic behavior of Web applications.     

装配式混凝土板桥桥面加固技术的试验研究

通过在装配式混凝土板板顶植筋并对桥面施加横向预应力,不但可以加强板与桥面铺装层的连接,而且还可以加强整体结构的横向整体性,增强结构对动载冲击、震动、磨耗抵抗能力.以寨河桥为工程实例,进行了植筋和预应力张拉前后10个工况的混凝土板挠度和应力的现场测试,结果表明,植筋等增加桥面预应力的措施确实能够预防桥面病害的发生,并能提高桥面的承载力,减小挠度,为相关工程提供了依据.     

关于卡方复形的强shellable性质

研究了卡方复形上的与强shellable相关的一些性质,证明了对任意一个复形Δ,若x是使基础集上每个点都染不同颜色的一个染色,那么Δx是一个强shellable复形;若Δ是一个TA复形,那么对Δ的任意一个染色x,Δx是一个强shellable复形;复形Δ在任意一个染色x下的卡方复形Δx是matroid的当且仅当Δ是一个...     

微波辅助萃取的微波吸收系数与吸收功率密度

微波吸收系数和吸收功率密度是反映微波辅助萃取效率的两个重要参量,前者代表了溶液对微波能的整体吸收比率,后者代表了溶液中某一点处微波能转化为热能的强度.文中根据微波在介质中的传播规律,导出了微波吸收系数与溶液复介电常数间的关系式;并以微波与物质相互作用的基本原理为基础,导出了微波吸收功率密度与物质复介电常数以及空间位置间的量化关系式.所得结论可为微波辅助萃取中溶剂的选择以及特定溶剂中微波频率的选择提供理论参考.     

基于遗传算法的制造网络服务质量优化

服务质量的合成是面向服务架构系统面临的重要挑战,评价面向服务架构制造网络最优化的典型标准是加工时间成本和系统响应时间.文中提出了一种应用遗传算法解决制造网络服务质量优化问题的新方法.首先用着色Petri网和排队论分别对制造网络的物流和信息流进行建模,然后应用遗传算法对该模型进行调度并获取服务质量的近似最优解.在该算法中,染色体采用分段基因编码,它们分别是制造网络物流和信息流调度方案的规则与加权系数的组合;遗传操作包括选择、交叉、变异3种类型.在每一代种群中,通过仿真得到与每个染色体相对应的各项性能指标值,以模糊综合评判方法求取制造网络服务质量适应度的函数值.实验结果表明,该方法能有效优化制造网络的服务质量.