全文获取类型
收费全文 | 23772篇 |
免费 | 1150篇 |
国内免费 | 989篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 1814篇 |
丛书文集 | 571篇 |
教育与普及 | 358篇 |
理论与方法论 | 338篇 |
现状及发展 | 931篇 |
研究方法 | 58篇 |
综合类 | 21840篇 |
自然研究 | 1篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 101篇 |
2023年 | 212篇 |
2022年 | 364篇 |
2021年 | 366篇 |
2020年 | 238篇 |
2019年 | 100篇 |
2018年 | 856篇 |
2017年 | 898篇 |
2016年 | 624篇 |
2015年 | 437篇 |
2014年 | 643篇 |
2013年 | 631篇 |
2012年 | 950篇 |
2011年 | 1626篇 |
2010年 | 1479篇 |
2009年 | 1206篇 |
2008年 | 1267篇 |
2007年 | 1509篇 |
2006年 | 660篇 |
2005年 | 685篇 |
2004年 | 679篇 |
2003年 | 626篇 |
2002年 | 555篇 |
2001年 | 566篇 |
2000年 | 615篇 |
1999年 | 1040篇 |
1998年 | 842篇 |
1997年 | 918篇 |
1996年 | 843篇 |
1995年 | 661篇 |
1994年 | 669篇 |
1993年 | 536篇 |
1992年 | 489篇 |
1991年 | 462篇 |
1990年 | 432篇 |
1989年 | 400篇 |
1988年 | 358篇 |
1987年 | 226篇 |
1986年 | 94篇 |
1985年 | 37篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Global Optimization in Any Minkowski Metric: A Permutation-Translation Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Multidimensional Scaling 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
It is well known that considering a non-Euclidean Minkowski metric in Multidimensional Scaling, either for the distance model
or for the loss function, increases the computational problem of local minima considerably. In this paper, we propose an algorithm
in which both the loss function and the composition rule can be considered in any Minkowski metric, using a multivariate randomly
alternating Simulated Annealing procedure with permutation and translation phases. The algorithm has been implemented in Fortran
and tested over classical and simulated data matrices with sizes up to 200 objects. A study has been carried out with some
of the common loss functions to determine the most suitable values for the main parameters. The experimental results confirm
the theoretical expectation that Simulated Annealing is a suitable strategy to deal by itself with the optimization problems
in Multidimensional Scaling, in particular for City-Block, Euclidean and Infinity metrics. 相似文献
92.
LIU JianCai XU JiaKai NING XinBao TIAN Run 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(17):2438-2442
The characterization of non-stationary signal requires joint time and frequency information. However, time and frequency are a pair of non-commuting variables that cannot constitute a joint probability density in the time-frequency plane. The time-frequency distributions have difficult interpretation problems arising from negative and complex values or spurious components. In this paper, we get time-frequency information from the marginal distributions in rotated directions in the time-frequency plane. The rigorous probability interpretation of the marginal distributions is without any ambiguities. This time-frequency transformation is similar to the computerized axial tomography (CT or CAT) and is applied to signal analysis and signal detection and reveals a lot of advantages especially in the signal detection of the low signal/noise (S/N). 相似文献
93.
Alexandra Sauer 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》2008,21(6):497-515
The participation of non-state actors in implementation processes is often understood as a means to increase compliance efficiency.
But the implementation of spatial policies frequently focuses on pre-established goals, processes and instruments and thus
renders difficult open discourse and shared decision-making. This paper introduces conflict pattern analysis (CPA) as a tool
that supports the analysis of the actual actor constellation in order to define efficient approaches that avoid common problems
of participatory processes. CPA is a semi-formalised method that helps to identify key-actors, their relations and interaction
amongst each other as well as their core beliefs, interests and resources. It aggregates this information to interaction patterns
that can be compared, classified and linked to different participatory methods on a theoretically informed basis. Particularly
on the local and regional level, this could be the first step for successful (participatory) implementation strategies. 相似文献
94.
S. K. MISHRA Shouyang WANG K. K. LAI 《系统科学与复杂性》2007,20(3):344-349
In this paper, we introduce a new class of generalized convex function, namely, a-pseudounivex function, by combining the concepts of pseudo-univex and α-invex functions. Further, we establish some relationships between vector variational-like inequality problems and vector optimization problems under the assumptions of α-pseudo-univex functions. Results obtained in this paper present a refinement and improvement of previously known results. 相似文献
95.
葡萄酒月度价格指标的季节ARIMA时间序列分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以时间序列分析为工具,研究了法国葡萄酒价格月度指标,使用基于周期图的Fisher检验证实该数据指标具有潜在周期,最后发现(1,0,0)×(1,0,0)12模型能较好地拟合数据.在此基础上给出相应的预测. 相似文献
96.
A theoretical model for mid-and low-latitude ionospheric electric fields in realistic geomagnetic fields 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The geomagnetic fields, which play important roles in the ionospheric dynamo, can greatly affect the global distribution of ionospheric electric fields, currents and other ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena. In the study of ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena, such as the longitudinal variations of ionospheric electric fields, the non-dipolar component of the geomagnetic fields must be taken into account. In this paper, we deduce a theoretical electric field model for ionospheric dynamo at mid- and low-latitude which adopt a modified magnetic apex coordinates system. In the new electric field model, the geomagnetic fields can be calculated from either the IGRF model or the dipole field model, and the neutral winds and conductivities are calculated based on empirical models. Then the dynamo equation for the electric potential is finally solved in terms of the line-by-line iteration method, and the ionospheric electric fields and currents are derived from the calculated potential. Our model can reproduce the main features of the ionospheric electrodynamics processes, so it will be a useful tool for the investigation of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. 相似文献
97.
Xu Junli Cui Wei Wang Luochun 《科技信息》2008,(29)
阐述了我国建筑垃圾产业化的重要性与必要性,利用两个建筑垃圾产业化企业实例从正反两方面论述了我国建筑垃圾产业化中存在的关键问题是相应的法律法规和标准规范的及时制定、政府的政策导向和相关部门工作的协调、公众宣传教育的加强。 相似文献
98.
研究了金属间化合物快速凝固薄带的成型过程和影响薄带质量的工艺参数。提出了熔体在喷嘴处进行层流流动的经验关系式,给出了金属间化合物快速凝固薄带制备的最佳工艺参数。 相似文献
99.
本文采用图论方法对饱和烷烃第二维里系数B与分子结构的关系进行了探讨,结果发现烷烃第二维里系数与Wiener指数具有较好的相关性,并建立了它们之间的一个定量关系。对C_2~C_8共39个饱和烷烃B的计算表明,计算值与文献值的一致性是令人满意的。本文不仅拓展了Wiener指数的应用领域,而且也有助于深入理解第二维里系数的物理意义。 相似文献
100.
许传炬 《厦门大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,34(4):506-511
讨论有粘性和无粘性Navier-Stokes方程有限元和谱方法混合逼近问题,弱交面匹配关系被应用。收敛估计显示有限元精度和谱精度可在各自的子区域中得到。 相似文献