空气和O2/CO2气氛下煤粉着火特性试验研究

利用金属网反应器研究了大同烟煤在空气气氛和O2/CO2气氛不同氧气体积分数下的着火特性,并利用热重分析仪分析了2种气氛下煤焦的反应性.试验发现:在相同氧气体积分数下,O2/CO2气氛的煤粉着火温度较O2/N2气氛的高,O2/CO2(φO2=21%,φCO2=79%)气氛下大同烟煤着火温度较空气气氛提高了35.7℃,在O2/CO2气氛下出现着火延迟;在O2/CO2气氛下φO2=30%时,大同烟煤与空气气氛具有比较接近的着火温度;在N2和CO2气氛下制得的煤焦,在相同氧气体积分数2种气氛下的表观活化能差异明显,煤焦反应性是影响煤粉着火温度在O2/CO2气氛下出现延迟的重要原因.     

高效液相色谱法测定五种茶叶中咖啡因含量

目的:采用高效液相色谱法测定了5种茶叶中咖啡因的含量。方法:采用Phenonm enxC18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)反相色谱柱,流动相CH3OH H2O=5.5 4.5,流速1.0(mL.m in-1),检测波长为272 nm,柱温为35℃,在所选条件下,样品中待测组分与其它组分分离良好(R>1.5),通过重复性实验和加标回收实验,验证了方法的稳定性和可靠性。在本实验范围内各组分的峰面积和浓度之间具有良好的线性关系,r2=0.999 9,5种茶叶的咖啡因回收率97.48%～107.73%,RSD=2.6%～3.0%。     

基于在线评测系统的C语言实践教学探讨

C语言程序设计是计算机专业的基础课程,实践教学是其必要的组成部分。在介绍ACM在线评测系统的基础上,详细探讨了在线评测系统在C语言实践教学中的应用。实践证明,该系统能够实现程序代码评测的自动化,促进学生进行自我训练、提高编程技能,并在很大程度上提高了教师的教学效率和教学质量。     

一种低错误平层 LDPC 码构造方法

针对低密度奇偶校验(low-density parity-check,LDPC)码在高信噪比区域可能存在错误平层的缺点,提出一种具有低错误平层LDPC码的新颖构造方法.在该方法中,基本矩阵由渐进边增长(progressive edge growth,PEG)算法搜索构造,通过在基本矩阵相应的Tanner图中增加校验节点,并将其与拥有最小额外信息度(extrinsicmessage degree,EMD)短环的变量节点相连来增大短环的连通性.另外,提出了一种基于伽罗华域的循环移位系数矩阵设计方案,无需计算机搜索即可完全避免4环的出现,降低算法复杂度.为了对该方法的可行性进行验证,分别对变量节点的度分布是规则和非规则的基本矩阵进行改进,在高斯白噪声(additive white gaussian noise,AWGN)信道下,采用置信传播(belief propagation,BP)迭代译码算法对改进后的码型进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明,利用该法所构造的码型可有效改善在高信噪比区域的错误平层.     

基于改进动态矩阵算法的SCR烟气脱硝系统

针对燃煤电厂火电机组选择性催化还原(SCR)烟气脱硝系统NOx出口体积分数波动大、稳定性差的问题,提出一种基于模糊自适应PID补偿的动态矩阵预测控制(DMC)算法.DMC算法基于NOx出口质量浓度历史数据构建预测模型,反馈环节根据当前偏差校正预测值,实现系统提前控制;模糊自适应PID控制器将预测偏差信息模糊化,用以修正...     

高填方盖板涵受力特性的原位试验 及数值模拟研究

通过现场测试,分析上埋式盖板涵在路堤填土荷载作用下的变形规律和受力特性;同时结合现场测试与数值模拟的方法,研究盖板涵顶板、基底土压力与侧墙水平土压力的分布特征。结果表明:在填土荷载作用下,涵洞顶板、底板垂直土压力以及侧墙的水平土压力呈非线性分布,其受力状态与规范计算的结果存在较大差异。由于涵洞与填土的模量不同,涵洞以上填土与两侧填土存在差异沉降,涵顶两侧墙土压力大于涵顶中部土压力,大于填土自重。数值模拟分析结果显示盖板涵土压力的分布特征与现场测试的分析结果一致,实际涵顶受力为涵顶附加摩擦力与填土自重之和;涵顶两侧墙分担了两侧填土竖向应力,涵洞侧墙水平土压力小于静止侧压力,实测平均值与铁路桥涵设计规范理论值的比值为0.53~0.87。由于地基土的不均匀沉降以及涵洞底板的挠曲变形,基底土压力呈非线性分布,跨中附近土压力产生卸荷现象。结合涵顶受力的理论研究与对包茂高速(粤境段)多个盖板涵涵顶数据的监测,提出了涵顶土压力的经验模型;该模型与涵顶上覆填土高度具有良好的线性关系,与现场实测值吻合较好。     

Dynamic price model based on transmission delay — Petroleum price fluctuation in China

Petroleum is a kind of fundamental energy resource. Its price fluctuation transmits from upper-stream industry to the lower-stream industry as the production factors price changes. And this leads to the price changes of final consumption. Meantime, due to the cycle of industrial chain, the price changes of lower-stream industry also affect the upper-stream industry in return. This price transmission path is quite complicated. Firstly, it includes both direct and indirect paths; secondly, the transmission process is accompanied with time delay. The traditional input-output price model based on cost-push theory can efficiently solve the first problem when estimating the impact of price fluctuation on the whole price system. However, it neither reflects the dynamic characteristics of price transmission with time nor solves the second problem. To solve this problem, this paper uses the directed weighted network to describe the price transmission among industrial sectors by taking the time-dimension into account, and dynamic price transmission network model is constructed. This model not only describes transmission time delay more accurately, but also calculates the price fluctuation dynamically. On this basis, by utilizing the 2007 Chinese input-output table, this paper conducts empirical analysis on the impact of petroleum price fluctuation on other sectors. The empirical results indicate that the price fluctuation transmission mainly depends on two factors, the orice reaction period Tk and the consumption relationship with petroleum aik. 1） If t 〈 Tk, then the price change of sector k at period t △pkt = 0, the petroleum price fluctuation has not transmitted to the sector k, so the price of sector k remains unchanged. 2） If t 〉 Tk, then Apt 〉 0, and the greater aik, the higher price change rate. 3） If t →∞, it is the same with that in traditional input-output price model. So it can be clearly seen that dynamic price transmission network model is more general than the traditional model, and the traditional model is just an asymptotical special case when time approaches to infinity. Keywords Directed weighted network, input-output price model, petroleum price, transmission time delay.     

Chaotic Neural Network Technique for "0-1" Programming Problems

0-1 programming is a special case of the integer programming, which is commonly encountered in many optimization problems. Neural network and its general energy function are presented for 0-1 optimization problem. Then, the 0-1 optimization problems are solved by a neural network model with transient chaotic dynamics (TCNN). Numerical simulations of two typical 0-1 optimization problems show that TCNN can overcome HNN's main drawbacks that it suffers from the local minimum and can search for the global optimal solutions in to solveing 0-1 optimization problems.     

纳米材料/环氧复合涂层的耐蚀性能研究进展

结构保护法、保护层法、防护层材料法、电化学保护法和介质处理法等是金属防腐蚀的主要方法,在诸多缓蚀方法中,防护层材料法是一种经济高效且广泛使用的防腐方法。环氧树脂是一种高效的防护层材料,需经过常温固化或加热固化后使用。然而,其固化过程存在的微孔会弱化环氧涂层的耐蚀性。将纳米材料加入环氧树脂中形成环氧树脂复合涂层,可填补环氧涂层中的微孔,提升环氧涂层的防腐效率。首先,详细讨论了影响纳米材料/环氧复合涂层耐蚀性能的因素,探讨了纳米材料/环氧复合涂层的防腐机理。其次,简要介绍了用于环氧涂层的2种纳米材料（石墨烯和金属有机框架材料）,总结了石墨烯和金属有机框架材料的改性和修饰方法。最后,从树脂成分、填料成分、机理探究以及开发自愈合涂层等方面对纳米材料/环氧复合涂层应用存在的问题和发展前景进行了展望,提出纳米材料/环氧复合涂层是一种长期防护金属免受腐蚀的方法,未来应致力于研发用于环氧涂层的二维和三维材料。