The inverse correlation between series resistance and parallel resistance of small molecule organic solar cells

Understanding the inversely correlated series resistance(Rs) and parallel resistance(Rp) remains a challenge. Here we report that the variation of Rs and Rp is inversely related through the morphology of the donor and acceptor interface in CuPc organic solar cells, when comparing the bilayer structure and bulk heterojunction structure. It was also found that the charge carrier concentration near the donor–acceptor interface plays an important role in the relationships of Rs and Rp under fixed interfacial morphology, which was verified by the change of Voc. The inversely correlated Rs and Rp contributes to the improvement of the fillfactor, and in turn the power conversion efficiency.     

大河三角洲营养盐研究进展与启示——以阿斯旺建坝前后的尼罗河为例

详细梳理了埃及阿斯旺建坝后尼罗河三角洲和近海营养盐研究成果,重点剖析了营养盐来源、分布规律和对渔业产生的生态效应.研究表明:在阿斯旺建坝初期,由于下泄营养盐减少,泻湖和近海的产鱼量明显降低;随着三角洲地区化学肥料的大量施用,产鱼量逐渐恢复,甚至高于建坝前,但是一些湖泊也出现了营养盐输入过高制约产鱼量的现象.埃及近海由于N、P输入增加,导致了部分水体出现磷限制,进而抑制初级生产力.针对我国三峡建坝、营养盐输送与长江河口生态环境响应,提出一些设想和今后应关注的研究方向.     

程度近似算子的复合运算研究

在程度粗糙集模型中定义了程度上、下近似算子的复合运算,研究了复合运算的性质,并给予了严格的证明;最后通过一个实例验证了定理的正确性,同时说明了程度上、下近似算子的复合运算具有幂等率.程度上、下近似算子的复合运算进一步补充和完善了程度粗糙集模型理论和经典粗糙集模型理论.     

基于三维元胞自动机的垃圾焚烧烟气扩散模拟

利用三维元胞自动机模型对垃圾焚烧中烟气的扩散进行模拟,首先确定元胞空间及其状态,考虑风向、风速、降雨以及湍流的影响,建立了烟气扩散规则,然后根据此规则通过中心元胞周围10个邻居来确定下一元胞状态,由此实现了基于三维元胞自动机的对烟气扩散的建模,最后利用该模型对垃圾焚烧厂周围环境状况进行了动态模拟,实现了对烟气污染的实时监控.     

Calcineurin/NFAT signalling regulates pancreatic beta-cell growth and function

The growth and function of organs such as pancreatic islets adapt to meet physiological challenges and maintain metabolic balance, but the mechanisms controlling these facultative responses are unclear. Diabetes in patients treated with calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporin A indicates that calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signalling might control adaptive islet responses, but the roles of this pathway in beta-cells in vivo are not understood. Here we show that mice with a beta-cell-specific deletion of the calcineurin phosphatase regulatory subunit, calcineurin b1 (Cnb1), develop age-dependent diabetes characterized by decreased beta-cell proliferation and mass, reduced pancreatic insulin content and hypoinsulinaemia. Moreover, beta-cells lacking Cnb1 have a reduced expression of established regulators of beta-cell proliferation. Conditional expression of active NFATc1 in Cnb1-deficient beta-cells rescues these defects and prevents diabetes. In normal adult beta-cells, conditional NFAT activation promotes the expression of cell-cycle regulators and increases beta-cell proliferation and mass, resulting in hyperinsulinaemia. Conditional NFAT activation also induces the expression of genes critical for beta-cell endocrine function, including all six genes mutated in hereditary forms of monogenic type 2 diabetes. Thus, calcineurin/NFAT signalling regulates multiple factors that control growth and hallmark beta-cell functions, revealing unique models for the pathogenesis and therapy of diabetes.     

甲基取代不同类型碳原子上的氢原子所表现出的诱导效应强度

通过13CNMR测定的碳原子化学位移,计算不同类型碳原子上的氢原子被甲基取代后,该碳原子化学位移的变化值Δδ,Δδ多在-(9.0±3.0)之间,证实甲基相对于氢原子,是一个具有吸电子诱导效应的基团,吸电子诱导效应强度随碳原子类型的不同而略有不同.     

任务无准备时间最小化加权最大延误单机调度问题的若干结果

研究任务无准备时间最小化加权最大延误的单机调度问题,给出逆向最小带权延误排序法并证明其最优性.随后,引入延误差函数概念,借助它给出简化的基于延误差函数的排序算法.特别地,对于工期相同的情形,给出更简便的权值关于期限正态分布算法.最后,借助实例说明了上述算法的应用.     

TMP21 is a presenilin complex component that modulates gamma-secretase but not epsilon-secretase activity

The presenilin proteins (PS1 and PS2) and their interacting partners nicastrin, aph-1 (refs 4, 5) and pen-2 (ref. 5) form a series of high-molecular-mass, membrane-bound protein complexes that are necessary for gamma-secretase and epsilon-secretase cleavage of selected type 1 transmembrane proteins, including the amyloid precursor protein, Notch and cadherins. Modest cleavage activity can be generated by reconstituting these four proteins in yeast and Spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells. However, a critical but unanswered question about the biology of the presenilin complexes is how their activity is modulated in terms of substrate specificity and/or relative activities at the gamma and epsilon sites. A corollary to this question is whether additional proteins in the presenilin complexes might subsume these putative regulatory functions. The hypothesis that additional proteins might exist in the presenilin complexes is supported by the fact that enzymatically active complexes have a mass that is much greater than predicted for a 1:1:1:1 stoichiometric complex (at least 650 kDa observed, compared with about 220 kDa predicted). To address these questions we undertook a search for presenilin-interacting proteins that differentially affected gamma- and epsilon-site cleavage events. Here we report that TMP21, a member of the p24 cargo protein family, is a component of presenilin complexes and differentially regulates gamma-secretase cleavage without affecting epsilon-secretase activity.     

黄土塬斜坡带地震波激发数值模拟与波场特征

黄土塬斜坡带的地震资料品质最差,研究程度极低。采用先进的交错网格、谱元法和高阶有限差分波场模拟算法,对斜坡带地震波激发进行了数值模拟,准确地反映了地震波场特征,从理论上优选出地震波激发参数。经试验提出一套超多井组合地震波激发技术,取得了高精度的三维地震资料。