Differential effects of the serotonin receptors on cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons

Effects of serotonin (5-HT) on cerebral cortical neurons were examined by patch clamp techniques. 5-HT produced a variety of responses such as outward (19/73 patches/neurons), slow inward (15/73 patches/neurons), fast inward (8/73 patches/neurons), and mixed currents (initially fast inward deflection followed by an outward response: 2/73 patches/neurons), with a latency of 12 sec, 15 sec, 0 sec, and 0 sec respectively, at a holding potential of −60 mV in whole-cell patches. The fast inward currents were again evoked by a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist, 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide hydrochloride (CPBG). In the cell-attached patch clamp configuration, 5-HT inside the patch pipette elicited single channel currents with slope conductances of 42 pS and 132 pS (4/42 patches/neurons). CPBG inside the patch pipette evoked inward single channel currents with a lower slope conductance of 41 pS (3/23 patches/neurons). In contrast, application of 5-HT or a 5-HT₂ receptor agonist, α-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine-maleate, outside the patch pipette induced outward single channel currents with a major slope conductance of 140 pS (8/30 patches/neurons) or 135 pS (6/20 patches/neurons), respectively. These results indicate that the outward and fast inward currents may be mediated respectively by the 5-HT₂ receptor, which is coupled to a G-protein, and by the 5-HT₃ receptor, which contains the non-selective cation channel, and that the mixed type may be caused by both the 5-HT₂ and 5-HT₃ receptors. Received 27 September 1996; received after revision 4 November 1996; accepted 7 November 1996     

Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the binding of Merocyanine 540 to human erythrocytes

The fluorescent dye Merocyanine 540 (MC540) is often used as a probe to monitor the molecular packing of phospholipids in the outer leaflet of biomembranes. In a previous study we showed that the increased staining of erythrocytes with a perturbed membrane structure was mainly due to an increase in the fluorescence yield of cell-bound MC540, rather than to an increase of the number of bound molecules. Erythrocytes and ghosts exposed to continuous fluxes of H₂O₂ exhibited pronounced lipid peroxidation. Further, red blood cells subjected to this form of oxidative stress also showed increased staining with MC540. It appeared that this was caused by a strong increase in binding of MC540, together with a slight red shift of the fluorescence emission maximum and a small increase in the fluorescence yield of bound MC540. The changed MC540 binding characteristics were not observed when lipid peroxidation was suppressed by the presence of the antioxidant BHT in the incubation medium. However, open ghosts exposed to H₂O₂ showed no increase of MC540 binding, excluding a direct involvement of lipid peroxidation. Measurement of fluorescence emission spectra and gel filtration studies showed that MC540 can bind to H₂O₂-exposed hemoglobin. Experiments with erythrocytes lysed in hypotonic medium after exposure to H₂O₂ revealed that peroxidation of lipids with H₂O₂ induced a non-specific permeabilization of the plasma membrane to MC540, thereby allowing MC540 to bind to the oxidatively denatured, more hydrophobic hemoglobin. These results indicate that conclusions about packing of phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the membrane based on increased MC540-staining should be drawn with care. Received 27 September 1996; received after revision 5 November 1996; accepted 27 November 1996     

斜拉桥抖振分析中计入背景分量的实用方法

在大跨桥梁的拌振分析中，通常采用的是Ｓｃａｎｌａｎ颤拌振分析方法，这一方法只考虑了共振响应、而忽略了背景响应，最近的研究表明背景分量在某些情况下可能占有较大比重，因此考虑背景响应具有一定的必要性，在对背景分量进行详细分析和大量计算的基础上，拟合出包括各种影响参数的适合于斜拉桥竖向抖振背景响应修正的计算公式，可以在斜拉桥竖向抖振计算中方便地计入背景响应。     

用催化动力学法由一次实验同时测定铬（Ⅲ）和铬（Ⅵ）

用H2O2氧化邻-联（二）茴香胺的反应作为指示反应可用催化动力学法经一次实验同时测定Cr（Ⅲ）和Cr（Ⅵ），但多元线性回归法不能用于此体系，因为其表现反应级数不是常数.用“速率谱”的概念可用主成分分析处理数据.实验证明对Cr（Ⅲ）和Cr（Ⅵ）的同时测定H2O2和邻-联（二）茴香胺的最佳浓度分别为0.6和6×10-3molL-1，pH为4.0.可测（1～6）×10-5molL-1的Cr（Ⅲ）和2×10-6～1×10-5mol·L-1的Cr（Ⅵ）.误差不超过10％.     

α-淀粉酶的超滤研究

对用超滤法浓缩分离α-淀粉酶过程进行了研究,讨论了料液浓度、膜面液体流速、操作压力等因素对超滤过程的影响。实验结果表明,用醋酸纤维素超滤浓缩α-淀粉酶的过程可用扩散模型来描述,超滤时宜控制压力在0.3～0.4MPa范围内。用超滤法能有效地浓缩α-淀粉酶,酶的总回收率大于90％。此外,通过实验建立了分离过程的传质模型,为超滤法浓缩α-淀粉酶的工业设计提供了依据。     

Spectrum characteristics and pump wavelengths of Nd3+-doped double-clad fiber

Conclusion The optimum wavelength of Nd³⁺-doped double-clad fiber laser or amplifier made in China is near 830 nm. The efficiency of Nd³⁺-doped double-clad fiber devices pumped by 820-nm laser is low due to ESA. In order to increase the photochemical stability of the outer cladding, the material of the outer cladding must be advanced.     

岩爆条件下的开采技术

论述了在有岩爆危险的矿山所使用的采矿方法，并对岩爆的性质、危害、预报、防治作了较详细的阐述．为进一步开展岩爆研究，提供了有益的启示．