浅谈中国传统音乐在音乐治疗中的作用

音乐治疗是一门集音乐、心理学、医学为一体的新兴学科,于1940年诞生于美国,20世纪80年代从西方传入中国。在我国,因相关专家的钻研和努力,已有一定程度的应用和发展,而中国传统音乐在音乐治疗中的作用也随之越来越受到相关人士的重视。文章基于对古代文献的考证和对中国传统音乐的探索,并结合当代人心理的一系列问题,探讨了传统音乐对于健康的积极影响,阐述了传统音乐在音乐治疗中的应用前景,希望中国音乐治疗领域相关人士在借鉴和学习西方音乐治疗的相关理论和技术的同时,也关注中国传统音乐的特殊价值,充分挖掘传统音乐在音乐治疗中的潜力,为音乐治疗发挥其特有作用。     

有源电力滤波器电流环无静差控制策略研究

本文对传统的电流环复合控制器的检测误差进行了理论分析,指出了检测负载侧电流的局限性,设计了基于传统PI控制和指定谐波指令相结合的电流控制器。该控制器基本上可以做到谐波指令的无静差跟踪,具有良好的补偿性能,克服了传统检测负载侧谐波电流时PI控制器的缺陷,而且具有传统检测负载侧谐波电流的灵活性。即使负载谐波电流高于有源电力滤波器的容量,该控制策略也能够总体上无静差输出,具有一定的理论意义和工程应用价值,理论分析和仿真验证了此种新型控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

步伐姿态在虚拟机舱中的识别

以虚拟现实三维机舱训练系统为基础,针对目前光学跟踪器灵敏度低、实训者活动范围小以及头戴式显示设备的交互安全性无法保证等问题,设计了一套能够识别步伐姿态并在虚拟现实机舱中具有实时交互的可穿戴设备。通过实训者穿戴的传感器设备,对操作者步伐信息进行采集并解算,通过无线终端发送至虚拟现实服务器完成实时交互。首先,通过空间状态数据采集实现传感器数据融合、欧拉角姿态矩阵更新;其次,采用嵌入式开发技术设计步伐识别硬件系统,通过上位机编写交互脚本,并通过实验验证过程的可行性;最后,针对设计的方法,通过分析实验,通过二分法在下位机程序中调节权重,找到合适的滤波加权平均值,实现步伐信息的融合处理。实验表明算法合理、数据更新及时、设备运行可靠,能够有效地提高实训者的沉浸感与交互体验。     

根土复合体三轴剪切试验研究*

利用三轴试验仪对夹竹桃根土复合体进行固结不排水试验。对根土复合体的应力-应变关系及抗剪强度指标进行研究,分析了根土复合体的破坏荷载及根土复合体在剪切过程中的阻抗机理。试验结果表明:1根土复合体强度和抵抗变形的能力较素土有显著的增强;2根土复合体的黏聚力和内摩擦角都有所提高,其中黏聚力增长十分明显;3根系布置方式对根土复合体强度增长有影响,复合体强度增长顺序为混合放置相交放置竖直放置水平放置倾斜放置。研究结果对于深入研究植被护坡机理和指导植被护坡工程设计具有十分重要现实意义。     

Global variation in copy number in the human genome

Copy number variation (CNV) of DNA sequences is functionally significant but has yet to be fully ascertained. We have constructed a first-generation CNV map of the human genome through the study of 270 individuals from four populations with ancestry in Europe, Africa or Asia (the HapMap collection). DNA from these individuals was screened for CNV using two complementary technologies: single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays, and clone-based comparative genomic hybridization. A total of 1,447 copy number variable regions (CNVRs), which can encompass overlapping or adjacent gains or losses, covering 360 megabases (12% of the genome) were identified in these populations. These CNVRs contained hundreds of genes, disease loci, functional elements and segmental duplications. Notably, the CNVRs encompassed more nucleotide content per genome than SNPs, underscoring the importance of CNV in genetic diversity and evolution. The data obtained delineate linkage disequilibrium patterns for many CNVs, and reveal marked variation in copy number among populations. We also demonstrate the utility of this resource for genetic disease studies.     

A new gamma-ray burst classification scheme from GRB 060614

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are known to come in two duration classes, separated at approximately 2 s. Long-duration bursts originate from star-forming regions in galaxies, have accompanying supernovae when these are near enough to observe and are probably caused by massive-star collapsars. Recent observations show that short-duration bursts originate in regions within their host galaxies that have lower star-formation rates, consistent with binary neutron star or neutron star-black hole mergers. Moreover, although their hosts are predominantly nearby galaxies, no supernovae have been so far associated with short-duration GRBs. Here we report that the bright, nearby GRB 060614 does not fit into either class. Its approximately 102-s duration groups it with long-duration GRBs, while its temporal lag and peak luminosity fall entirely within the short-duration GRB subclass. Moreover, very deep optical observations exclude an accompanying supernova, similar to short-duration GRBs. This combination of a long-duration event without an accompanying supernova poses a challenge to both the collapsar and the merging-neutron-star interpretations and opens the door to a new GRB classification scheme that straddles both long- and short-duration bursts.     

Disruption of extended defects in solid oxide fuel cell anodes for methane oxidation

Point defects largely govern the electrochemical properties of oxides: at low defect concentrations, conductivity increases with concentration; however, at higher concentrations, defect-defect interactions start to dominate. Thus, in searching for electrochemically active materials for fuel cell anodes, high defect concentration is generally avoided. Here we describe an oxide anode formed from lanthanum-substituted strontium titanate (La-SrTiO3) in which we control the oxygen stoichiometry in order to break down the extended defect intergrowth regions and create phases with considerable disordered oxygen defects. We substitute Ti in these phases with Ga and Mn to induce redox activity and allow more flexible coordination. The material demonstrates impressive fuel cell performance using wet hydrogen at 950 degrees C. It is also important for fuel cell technology to achieve efficient electrode operation with different hydrocarbon fuels, although such fuels are more demanding than pure hydrogen. The best anode materials to date--Ni-YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) cermets--suffer some disadvantages related to low tolerance to sulphur, carbon build-up when using hydrocarbon fuels (though device modifications and lower temperature operation can avoid this) and volume instability on redox cycling. Our anode material is very active for methane oxidation at high temperatures, with open circuit voltages in excess of 1.2 V. The materials design concept that we use here could lead to devices that enable more-efficient energy extraction from fossil fuels and carbon-neutral fuels.     

Detection of magnetic circular dichroism using a transmission electron microscope

A material is said to exhibit dichroism if its photon absorption spectrum depends on the polarization of the incident radiation. In the case of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), the absorption cross-section of a ferromagnet or a paramagnet in a magnetic field changes when the helicity of a circularly polarized photon is reversed relative to the magnetization direction. Although similarities between X-ray absorption and electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) have long been recognized, it has been assumed that extending such equivalence to circular dichroism would require the electron beam in the TEM to be spin-polarized. Recently, it was argued on theoretical grounds that this assumption is probably wrong. Here we report the direct experimental detection of magnetic circular dichroism in a TEM. We compare our measurements of electron energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) with XMCD spectra obtained from the same specimen that, together with theoretical calculations, show that chiral atomic transitions in a specimen are accessible with inelastic electron scattering under particular scattering conditions. This finding could have important consequences for the study of magnetism on the nanometre and subnanometre scales, as EMCD offers the potential for such spatial resolution down to the nanometre scale while providing depth information--in contrast to X-ray methods, which are mainly surface-sensitive.     

The ABC protein turned chloride channel whose failure causes cystic fibrosis

CFTR chloride channels are encoded by the gene mutated in patients with cystic fibrosis. These channels belong to the superfamily of ABC transporter ATPases. ATP-driven conformational changes, which in other ABC proteins fuel uphill substrate transport across cellular membranes, in CFTR open and close a gate to allow transmembrane flow of anions down their electrochemical gradient. New structural and biochemical information from prokaryotic ABC proteins and functional information from CFTR channels has led to a unifying mechanism explaining those ATP-driven conformational changes.