由两组元的活度积计算体系组元的活度

本文给出了二元系、三元系及多元系中由两组元的活度积计算体系组元的活度及体系过剩自由焓的方法,该法简明、准确,具有普遍适用意义。     

层次分析法在体育运动项目布局中的应用研究

本文运用层次分析法的原理,以临汾地区开展的运动项目布局为例建模分析,明确地得出本地区体育运动项目布局的战略重点,为基层领导进行决策提供科学的依据.     

有关“二极管特性曲线测定”实验的讨论

普通物理实验教材中,对“二极管特性曲线测定”实验未加讨论直接采用了Id＝Ie（exp（eV/kT）-1）的解析公式,要求由实验结果求出指数e/kT,从而求出电子电荷e,或波尔兹曼常数k,并和理论值比较,考察实验误差．这种要求由于实际结果偏离解析公式较大,因而不尽合理．本文讨论了有关实验结果,并对上述结论作了必要的说明．最后建议对该实验的要求作合理的调整,即主要考察V—A的一般关系．     

Analysis of nuclear apoptotic process in a cell-free system

We report an analysis of the apoptotic process of mouse liver nuclei induced in a cell-free carrot cytosol system by cytochrome c. Typical characteristics of apoptosis were observed, such as chromatin condensation, margination, apoptotic bodies and DNA ladders. Furthermore, transmission and scanning electron microscope analysis of the apoptotic nuclei detected chromatin-free nuclear vesicles before apoptotic bodies appeared at a comparatively late phase. When AC-YVAD-CHO, an inhibitor of caspase 6, was introduced into the system, these vesicles and apoptotic bodies disappeared completely within our study sections. We confirmed the results using whole-mount electron microscopy, and found that although the nuclear lamina was destroyed early, the nuclear matrix largely remained intact during the course of apoptosis. The nuclear matrix played an important role in maintaining the integrity of apoptotic cells and connecting the apoptotic bodies and apoptotic nucleus. Received 29 September 2000; revised 10 December 2000; accepted 13 December 2000     

陶瓷强度的统计方法

陶瓷作为结构材料，强度离散及尺寸效应是所面临的主要问题之一。围绕这一问题，归纳和分析了当前应用统计学进行处理的主要理论和方法．对统计模型的建立、分布函数的参数估计、强度的尺寸效应，以及由材料试验获取强度分布函数的参数所存在的问题等，作了比较细致的讨论，提出了几个新的看法。     

对提高施工中光缆接续质量的探讨

通过分析影响光缆接续质量的因素，从减少本征影响、克服技术因素、优化综合处置、减弱和避开环境影响4方面针对性地提出了实际施工中应采取的施工方法，以控制和减小不利影响，提高光缆工程的接续质量，为建设高质量传输线路提供有力保证。     

Solar-driven high temperature radiant cooling

Solar energy is widely used as one of the most important renewable energy. In addition to the growing applications of solar PV and solar water heater, solar cooling is also considered very valuable and the related researches are developing fast because of the synchronism between solar irradiance and building cooling load. Current studies mainly focus on the high temperature solar collector technique and heat-driven cooling technique, while little concern has been paid to the transport process of cooling power. In this paper, the high temperature radiant cooling is studied as an alternative way for transporting cooling power, and the performance of the combination of radiant ceiling and solar cooling is also studied. From simulation and theoretical analysis results, high temperature radiant cooling terminal shows better cooling power transportation ability against conventional air-conditioning terminal, and its thermal comfort is improved. Experiment results indicate that radiant cooling can enhance the chiller’s COP (Coefficient of Performance) by 17% and cooling power regeneration by 50%. According to analysis in this paper, high temperature radiant cooling is proved to be suitable for solar cooling system, and out work can serve as a reference for later system design and promotion. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50876064)     

P-集合与隐形图像生成-还原

P-集合是把动态特性引入到有限普通集合中,改进普通集合得到的,P-集合(XF,XF)是一个集合对.利用P-集合生成的图像,提出P-隐形图像的概念,给出P-隐形图像的属性特征和度量特征,提出P-隐形图像生成-还原定理,并给出了P-隐形图像在图像信息系统中的应用.     

循环流化床锅炉内掺高硫石油焦混烧脱硫灰的矿物相组成

粉煤灰的矿物相组成对其资源化具有重要意义,它主要取决于燃料品种和燃烧过程.由于燃烧过程的差异,循环流化床锅炉(CFBC)内掺加高硫石油焦和煤混烧而排放的脱硫灰与煤粉炉粉煤灰在矿物相组成上具有较大差异.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X-ray衍射(XRD)和傅立叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)对CFBC掺高硫石油焦混烧脱硫灰的矿物相组成进行了研究,同时采用选择性溶解分离和重力分离的方法富集脱硫灰中的微量矿物,研究表明CFBC掺高硫石油焦混烧脱硫灰的矿物相组成以高α-石英、硬石膏和石灰含量为其主要特征,同时含有少量的方解石、莫来石、钙长石、钙铝黄长石、赤铁矿、硅酸二钙(2CaO·SiO2,C2S)、铝酸三钙(3CaO·Al2O3,C3A)、七铝酸十二钙(12CaO·7Al2O3,C12A7)及透辉石等矿物,可能含有少量玻璃相.如果样品在空气中存放时间较长,石灰吸收空气中的水分会导致羟钙石生成.而煤粉炉粉煤灰中的矿物主要为莫来石、石英和少量的赤铁矿,并含有大量的玻璃相.     

汇率的货币分析法下人民币与美元汇率的长期走势

人民币在中国经济高速增长的带动下,产生了对美元的升值,又由于货币供给量、利率、产出水平这三个因素对人民币与美元汇率的影响,限制了人民币对美元升值的速度和幅度。但是,从长期来看,人民币应保持对美元的升值,这不仅是一个趋势,而且将是一个较为缓慢的过程。