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41.
Zusammenfassung Die enzymatische Umwandlung von Dopamin in Norepinephrine wird durch primäre Phenylethylamine und Phenylpropylamine sowie durch Pentobarbital gehemmt.
This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health. 相似文献
This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health. 相似文献
42.
E B Goldstein 《Nature》1969,222(5200):1273-1274
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Somatic coding mutations in human induced pluripotent stem cells 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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In response to stress, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is released by corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary under the control of several central and peripheral factors including corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which was recently isolated from the brain and sequenced. Immunocytochemical studies have shown that most of the CRF-containing cell bodies that project to the median eminence are present in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). A dense PNMT(phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase)-containing fibre network was also observed in the same region--PNMT is the final enzyme in the biosynthesis of adrenaline and has been demonstrated in the brain. In the present study we found an association of adrenergic nerve fibres and CRF neurones by immunohistochemistry using antisera to PNMT and CRF. To examine the functional significance of the adrenergic projection to the PVN, we blocked the synthesis of adrenaline using a specific inhibitor of PNMT. The depletion of adrenaline resulted in an increase in CRF immunoreactivity. The present results suggest that, as well as catecholamines which regulate ACTH release at the anterior pituitary level via a beta 2-adrenergic receptor mechanism, central catecholamines (mainly adrenaline) also affect ACTH release through their action on CRF cells. Peripheral catecholamines seem to have a direct stimulatory effect on the pituitary corticotroph cells, whereas the present findings suggest that central adrenaline-containing neurones have an inhibitory role in the physiological response to stress. 相似文献
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Plasma lipoproteins: teaching old dogmas new tricks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Ellis MJ Ding L Shen D Luo J Suman VJ Wallis JW Van Tine BA Hoog J Goiffon RJ Goldstein TC Ng S Lin L Crowder R Snider J Ballman K Weber J Chen K Koboldt DC Kandoth C Schierding WS McMichael JF Miller CA Lu C Harris CC McLellan MD Wendl MC DeSchryver K Allred DC Esserman L Unzeitig G Margenthaler J Babiera GV Marcom PK Guenther JM Leitch M Hunt K Olson J Tao Y Maher CA Fulton LL Fulton RS Harrison M Oberkfell B Du F Demeter R Vickery TL Elhammali A Piwnica-Worms H McDonald S Watson M Dooling DJ 《Nature》2012,486(7403):353-360
To correlate the variable clinical features of oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer with somatic alterations, we studied pretreatment tumour biopsies accrued from patients in two studies of neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy by massively parallel sequencing and analysis. Eighteen significantly mutated genes were identified, including five genes (RUNX1, CBFB, MYH9, MLL3 and SF3B1) previously linked to haematopoietic disorders. Mutant MAP3K1 was associated with luminal A status, low-grade histology and low proliferation rates, whereas mutant TP53 was associated with the opposite pattern. Moreover, mutant GATA3 correlated with suppression of proliferation upon aromatase inhibitor treatment. Pathway analysis demonstrated that mutations in MAP2K4, a MAP3K1 substrate, produced similar perturbations as MAP3K1 loss. Distinct phenotypes in oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer are associated with specific patterns of somatic mutations that map into cellular pathways linked to tumour biology, but most recurrent mutations are relatively infrequent. Prospective clinical trials based on these findings will require comprehensive genome sequencing. 相似文献