活性污泥的热处理及其发酵产氢特性

为消除发酵生物制氢系统接种污泥中的耗氢菌,加速系统的启动进程并提高产氢效能,以易得的城市污水处理厂的好氧活性污泥为对象.通过间歇发酵试验,探讨了经65℃、80℃、95℃、110℃处理后的污泥的产氢特性.葡萄糖间歇发酵试验证明,在初始pH 7.0、葡萄糖浓度10 000 mg/L、污泥接种量2 g MLVSS/L(Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids,MLVSS,混合液挥发性悬浮固体浓度)等条件下,由热处理后的活性污泥构建的发酵系统,其产氢量均大于未经处理的活性污泥反应系统.其中,经65℃处理过的活性污泥具有更高的发酵产氢性能,在72 h的发酵过程中,其累积产氢量为92.53 mL,活性污泥的比产氢率为8.36 mmolH2/gMLVSS,葡萄糖的氯气转化率达到1.08 mol/mol.处理温度不同,活性污泥发酵葡萄糖的液相末端产物也存在差异,经65℃和80℃处理过的活性污泥,末端发酵产物以丁酸和乙酸为主;经95℃和110℃处理过的活性污泥,则表现为混合酸发酵.活性污泥的热处理,对其中的同型产乙酸菌无抑制作用.     

Process optimization of reaction of acid leaching residue of asbestos tailing and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution

Silica is the major component of the acid leaching residue of asbestos tailing.The waterglass solution can be prepared by the reaction of the residue with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.Compared to the high temperature reaction method,this process is environmental friendly and low cost.In this paper,the reaction process of the residue and the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is optimized.The optimum reaction process parameters are as follows:the usage of sodium hydroxide is 26.4 g/100 g acid leaching residue,the reaction temperature is 90℃,the reaction time is 1 h,and the ratio of the liquid/solid is 2.0.The significance sequence of the process parameters to the alkali leaching reaction effect is the usage of sodium hydroxidethe ratio of the liquid/solidthe reaction timethe reaction temperature.The significance sequence to the leaching ratio of SiO2 is the ratio of the liquid/solidthe usage of sodium hydroxidethe reaction timethe reaction temperature.The significance sequence to the modulus of the sodium silicate is the ratio of the liquid/solidthe usage of sodium hydroxidethe reaction timethe reaction temperature.Under the optimum conditions,the leaching ratio of the SiO2 is 77.5%,and the modulus of the sodium silicate is 3.15.The XRD analysis result indicates that the major components of the alkali leaching residue are serpentine,talc,quartz and some albite.     

好氧微生物对三元采出水含油量去除效能分析

好氧微生物处理在三元复合驱采出水表现出较好的应用前景,在油田实际污水处理过程中,要求能够尽量的回收原油,减少微生物对水中剩余原油的降解.研究采用已驯化好氧生物载体填料,通过原水的室内试验,考察微生物降解石油过程中,将原油用于自身代谢底物和将原油回收的比率.研究表明,164.53 mg/L的采出水中原油,约12％的原油被微生物吸收利用,80％原油被回收,同时还有约5％～8％处理过程中被挥发和损耗;如果污水处理工艺中,采用气浮装置进行原油的回收,微生物将原油用于自身转化利用率为5％.结果表明在污水处理过程中,好氧微生物作为一种生物催化剂,其维持自身生存所利用的原油较少,而用于三元污水的深度处理上具有很好的处理效果.     

A novel approach in predicting non-stationary time series by combining external forces

In this paper, we investigate a novel technique that reconstructs the observed time series and incorporates driving forces. Furthermore, to illustrate and test the technique, we consider a couple of predictive experiments using ideal time series provided by the logistic and Lorenz systems with specific driving forces. The preliminary results show this approach can improve prediction proficiency to some extent, and the external forces play a similar role to that of state variables.     

前季风环流变化特征及与西南地区降水的关系

利用NCEP/NCAR1948-2010年再分析资料,采用小波分析,M-K突变检验及相关性检验等方法,研究了青藏高原南侧10°-30°N低层前季风环流的气候、结构特点、突变及周期等特征,以及与西南地区降水的关系.结果表明:该环流4月最强,且为低纬地区冬季Hadley环流型和夏季季风环流型间的一种过渡.该环流第一主周期为23a,同时还存在4,7,13a的主周期.20世纪80年代该环流的减弱是一突变现象,具体是从1982年开始的.前季风环流强度与西南地区大部4月平均降水量呈正相关,且四川东部、重庆西部、贵州中部通过了99%的信度检验.     

烟叶中Cd积累的阻控技术研究

通过植烟区的田间盆栽试验,研究了石灰、腐殖酸、硫化钠、猪粪4种阻控材料对烟草中Cd含量及土壤中有效Cd的影响.结果表明,施用不同阻控材料的烟叶中Cd含量与土壤中Cd活性呈极显著正相关,石灰和猪粪可明显抑制土壤中Cd的活性,从而降低烟叶中的Cd积累量,削减率为8.55%~42.49%,且在一定范围内,施用量越大,削减效果越好.综合考虑土壤-烟草系统Cd削减效果与烟叶经济性状,采用因子序列生成法排序,得出施用1.13~2.25t/hm2的石灰或22.5~45.0t/hm2的猪粪可有效削减烟叶和土壤中Cd的积累量.     

21世纪社会经济发展与人文地理专业人才综合素质要求

本文从21世纪社会经济发展特点和21世纪人文地理学发展趋势分析入手,从生理与心理素质、社会文化素质、专业素质3个层次阐明了21世纪社会经济发展对人文地理专业人才的素质要求,并进一步提出了人文地理专业人才素质提高的目标和措施。     

Reconstructed index of summer monsoon dry-wet modes in East Asia for the last millennium

Monthly precipitation datasets collected at 160 stations in China as well as the monthly winds and humidity data derived from the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) were used to construct the relationship between six summer dry-wet modes in eastern China and the summer monsoon airflow northward advance in East Asia. A millennial series of the monsoon dry-wet index (MDWI) was reconstructed based on Wang’s six summer dry-wet modes in eastern China since 950 AD. A high (low) index indicate...     

山区城镇建设中的地貌问题

论述了河流阶地、冲洪积扇、台地、剥蚀面、滑坡平台等地貌类型的分布特征、演化规律及作为城镇选址的利弊,并提出兴利除弊、合理利用的途径.以四川省为例,对山区城镇地貌灾害的演化规律及防治措施进行了探讨.从地貌的角度对山区城镇发展的限制性因素进行了分析.     

沙市地貌与防洪

在研究荆江洪水与沙市的地貌背景之后,进一步探索了沙市局地地貌与洪灾之间的关系.分析了洪灾的地貌成因,提出了沙市的防洪对策与措施.