Re-evaluation of protein kinase CK2 pleiotropy: new insights provided by a phosphoproteomics analysis of CK2 knockout cells

CK2 denotes a ubiquitous and pleiotropic protein kinase whose holoenzyme is composed of two catalytic (α and/or α′) and two regulatory β subunits. The CK2 consensus sequence, S/T-x-x-D/E/pS/pT is present in numerous phosphosites, but it is not clear how many of these are really generated by CK2. To gain information about this issue, advantage has been taken of C2C12 cells entirely deprived of both CK2 catalytic subunits by the CRISPR/Cas9 methodology. A comparative SILAC phosphoproteomics analysis reveals that, although about 30% of the quantified phosphosites do conform to the CK2 consensus, only one-third of these are substantially reduced in the CK2α/α′^(?/?) cells, consistent with their generation by CK2. A parallel study with C2C12 cells deprived of the regulatory β subunit discloses a role of this subunit in determining CK2 targeting. We also find that phosphosites notoriously generated by CK2 are not fully abrogated in CK2α/α′^(?/?) cells, while some phosphosites unrelated to CK2 are significantly altered. Collectively taken our data allow to conclude that the phosphoproteome generated by CK2 is not as ample and rigidly pre-determined as it was believed before. They also show that the lack of CK2 promotes phosphoproteomics perturbations attributable to kinases other than CK2.     

定性仿真与人工智能的关系及计算机化解法体系

定性仿真是采用定性推理方法建立和求解定性代数方程或定性微分方程模型,得到被仿真对象的定性行为和展望的预测过程。定性仿真(QSIM)和基于深层知识的人工智能技术,在其核心内容上看是属于同一科学领域。图论方法是求解复杂定量或定性仿真模型的实用且有效的计算机化方法。提出了有关定量和定性仿真计算机化的解法体系,给出了一种计算机求解实例。     

网络教学在高校计算机基础课教学中应用研究

网络教育的众多优点使这种新的教学模式必将很好的融入到现代教育中,在高校计算机基础教学中采用计算机网络进行教学,激发了学生的学习主动性,逐步提高了教师队伍的素质,改变了传统的教学体系和考核方式,进而大大的提高了教学效果。同时,培养了学生的自主学习能力。     

常用螺钉连接防松措施的机理分析与实验研究

随着机载天线对振动条件的要求越来越苛刻,天线在振动试验的过程中经常出现螺钉返松甚至脱落的现象,导致无法通过验收.本文中主要进行了常用螺钉防松措施的机理分析,并在机理分析的基础上进行了两种防松措施效果的振动试验对比,根据螺钉连接的拧紧力矩随振动时间的变化趋势,给出了弹簧垫圈防松方法和固特耐防松方法的防松效果的定型比较.     

Respiration in the open ocean

A key question when trying to understand the global carbon cycle is whether the oceans are net sources or sinks of carbon. This will depend on the production of organic matter relative to the decomposition due to biological respiration. Estimates of respiration are available for the top layers, the mesopelagic layer, and the abyssal waters and sediments of various ocean regions. Although the total open ocean respiration is uncertain, it is probably substantially greater than most current estimates of particulate organic matter production. Nevertheless, whether the biota act as a net source or sink of carbon remains an open question.     

古代青铜器铸造工艺研究现状

古代的青铜文物不但在艺术方面的成就令人惊叹,其铸造工艺也使后人为之折服。为了更好的研究古代青铜器的铸造工艺,介绍了理论分析法和实验分析法两大类现代研究方法,每类又细分为多种不同的研究方法,并以实例说明了这些方法对于古代青铜器的铸造工艺的研究是行之有效的。     

Rab5 is a signalling GTPase involved in actin remodelling by receptor tyrosine kinases

Rab5 is a small GTPase involved in the control of intracellular trafficking, both at the level of receptor endocytosis and endosomal dynamics. The finding that Rab5 can be activated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) raised the question of whether it also participates in effector pathways emanating from these receptors. Here we show that Rab5 is indispensable for a form of RTK-induced actin remodelling, called circular ruffling. Three independent signals, originating from Rab5, phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase and Rac, respectively, are simultaneously required for the induction of circular ruffles. Rab5 signals to the actin cytoskeleton through RN-tre, a previously identified Rab5-specific GTPase-activating protein (GAP). Here we demonstrate that RN-tre has the dual function of Rab5-GAP and Rab5 effector. We also show that RN-tre is critical for macropinocytosis, a process previously connected to the formation of circular ruffles. Finally, RN-tre interacts with both F-actin and actinin-4, an F-actin bundling protein. We propose that RN-tre establishes a three-pronged connection with Rab5, F-actin and actinin-4. This may aid crosslinking of actin fibres into actin networks at the plasma membrane. Thus, we have shown that Rab5 is a signalling GTPase and have elucidated the major molecular elements of its downstream pathway.