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61.
通过研究臭氧对水中甲基对硫磷的降解.探索臭氧对甲基对硫磷的降解机制和影响因素.将臭氧气体充入反应器中与甲基对硫磷进行反应,采用GC-MS和标准样品对中间产物进行定性分析,并用HIPLC同时监测甲基对硫磷的残留量和中间产物的生成量.结果表明,臭氧对甲基对硫磷的降解由臭氧直接氧化和羟基自由基间接氧化共同完成,降解历程遵循假一级反应动力学.50 mmol/L离子清除剂叔丁醇使甲基对硫磷的降解速率降低60%,而溶液pH值对降解速率则无明显影响.通过GC/MS分析,确定了甲基对氧磷为甲基对硫磷的臭氧降解中间产物.甲基对氧磷的生成量受到溶液pH和甲基对硫磷起始浓度的影响,较低溶液pH和较高甲基对硫磷起始浓度均有利于甲基对氧磷的积累,而离子清除剂则对甲基对氧磷的生成量没有显著影响. 相似文献
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Rules tighten on use of antibiotics on farms 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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An eco- and inno-product design system applying integrated and intelligent qfde and triz methodology 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Amy J. C. Trappey Jerry J. R. Ou Gilbert Y. P. Lin Meng-Yu Chen 《系统科学与系统工程学报(英文版)》2011,20(4):443-459
The green environmental laws and regulations are legislated, implemented, and enforced in many countries and economic regions.
The provision of green products and services are the fast growing trend in global consumer markets. Therefore, introducing
new products with environmental considerations becomes critical for global brand manufacturers. This research depicts an integrated
and intelligent eco- and inno-product design methodology to support environmental friendly green product development. The
methodology adopts approaches, such as life cycle assessment (LCA), quality function deploymnet for environement (QFDE), theory
of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) and back-propagation network (BPN) to achieve eco- and inno-design objectives. LCA evaluates
and compares the environmental impacts of production. QFDE transforms high-level concerns of environment into design requirements.
When there are many historical QFDE data, the BPN prediction model is trained and deployed to automate the specifications
of green design improvement. TRIZ is to support the creation of innovative product design ideas effectively and efficiently
during the concept design stage. Finally, this paper presents two eco-design cases of power adaptor to demonstrate the proposed
methodology. 相似文献
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White TD WoldeGabriel G Asfaw B Ambrose S Beyene Y Bernor RL Boisserie JR Currie B Gilbert H Haile-Selassie Y Hart WK Hlusko LJ Howell FC Kono RT Lehmann T Louchart A Lovejoy CO Renne PR Saegusa H Vrba ES Wesselman H Suwa G 《Nature》2006,440(7086):883-889
The origin of Australopithecus, the genus widely interpreted as ancestral to Homo, is a central problem in human evolutionary studies. Australopithecus species differ markedly from extant African apes and candidate ancestral hominids such as Ardipithecus, Orrorin and Sahelanthropus. The earliest described Australopithecus species is Au. anamensis, the probable chronospecies ancestor of Au. afarensis. Here we describe newly discovered fossils from the Middle Awash study area that extend the known Au. anamensis range into northeastern Ethiopia. The new fossils are from chronometrically controlled stratigraphic sequences and date to about 4.1-4.2 million years ago. They include diagnostic craniodental remains, the largest hominid canine yet recovered, and the earliest Australopithecus femur. These new fossils are sampled from a woodland context. Temporal and anatomical intermediacy between Ar. ramidus and Au. afarensis suggest a relatively rapid shift from Ardipithecus to Australopithecus in this region of Africa, involving either replacement or accelerated phyletic evolution. 相似文献
70.
Receptive field dynamics in adult primary visual cortex. 总被引:38,自引:0,他引:38
The adult brain has a remarkable ability to adjust to changes in sensory input. Removal of afferent input to the somatosensory, auditory, motor or visual cortex results in a marked change of cortical topography. Changes in sensory activity can, over a period of months, alter receptive field size and cortical topography. Here we remove visual input by focal binocular retinal lesions and record from the same cortical sites before and within minutes after making the lesion and find immediate striking increases in receptive field size for cortical cells with receptive fields near the edge of the retinal scotoma. After a few months even the cortical areas that were initially silenced by the lesion recover visual activity, representing retinotopic loci surrounding the lesion. At the level of the lateral geniculate nucleus, which provides the visual input to the striate cortex, a large silent region remains. Furthermore, anatomical studies show that the spread of geniculocortical afferents is insufficient to account for the cortical recovery. The results indicate that the topographic reorganization within the cortex was largely due to synaptic changes intrinsic to the cortex, perhaps through the plexus of long-range horizontal connections. 相似文献