Microstructure and electrolysis behavior of self-healing Cu-Ni-Fe composite inert anodes for aluminum electrowinning

The microstructure evolution and electrolysis behavior of (Cu₅₂Ni₃₀Fe₁₈)-xNiFe₂O₄ (x=40wt%, 50wt%, 60wt%, and 70wt%) composite inert anodes for aluminum electrowinning were studied. NiFe₂O₄ was synthesized by solid-state reaction at 950℃. The dense anode blocks were prepared by ball-milling followed by sintering under a N₂ atmosphere. The phase evolution of the anodes after sintering was determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results indicate that a substitution reaction between Fe in the alloy phase and Ni in the oxide phase occurs during the sintering process. The samples were also examined as inert anodes for aluminum electrowinning in the low-temperature KF-NaF-AlF₃ molten electrolyte for 24 h. The cell voltage during electrolysis and the corrosion scale on the anodes were analyzed. The results confirm that the scale has a self-repairing function because of the synergistic reaction between the alloy phase with Fe added and the oxide phase. The estimated wear rate of the (Cu₅₂Ni₃₀Fe₁₈)-50NiFe₂O₄ composite anode is 2.02 cm·a-1.     

Alkaline digestion behavior and alumina extraction from sodium aluminosilicate generated in pyrometallurgical process

In pyrometallurgical process, Al-and Si-bearing minerals in iron and aluminum ores are easily transformed into sodium aluminosilicates in the presence of Na₂O constituents, which alters the leaching behaviors of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂. It was confirmed that sodium aluminosilicates with different phase compositions synthesized at various roasting conditions were effectively digested in the alkaline digestion process. Under the optimum conditions at temperature of 100-120℃, liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of 10:2 mL/g, caustic ratio of 4, and Na₂O concentration of 240 g/L, the actual and relative digestion ratio of Al₂O₃ from the synthesized sodium aluminosilicates reached maximums of about 65% and 95%, respectively, while SiO₂ was barely leached out. To validate the superior digestion property of sodium aluminosilicate generated via an actual process, the Bayer digestion of an Al₂O₃-rich material derived from reductive roasting of bauxite and comprising Na_1.75Al_1.75Si_0.25O₄ was conducted; the relative digestion ratio of Al₂O₃ attained 90% at 200℃.     

Dynamic characteristics of the planetary gear train excited by time-varying meshing stiffness in the wind turbine

Wind power has attracted increasing attention as a renewable and clean energy. Gear fault frequently occurs under extreme environment and complex loads. The time-varying meshing stiffness is one of the main excitations. This study proposes a 5 degree-of-freedom torsional vibration model for the planetary gear system. The influence of some parameters (e.g., contact ratio and phase difference) is discussed under different conditions of a single teeth pair and double pairs of teeth. The impact load caused by the teeth face fault, ramped load induced by the complex wind conditions, and the harmonic excitation are investigated. The analysis of the time-varying meshing stiffness and the dynamic meshing force shows that the dynamic design under different loads can be made to avoid resonance, can provide the basis for the gear fault location of a wind turbine, and distinguish the fault characteristics from the vibration signals.     

CO和Cl2在TiO2(110)表面的吸附行为

采用基于密度泛函理论（DFT）的第一性原理方法研究了CO和Cl₂分子在TiO₂（110）面上的吸附反应,通过计算体系的吸附结构、吸附能、电荷密度和态密度等性质,揭示了CO和Cl₂共同吸附在TiO₂（110）表面的行为机制。CO和Cl₂在TiO₂（110）面上的吸附存在相互促进的关系,共同吸附时其平均吸附能为-1.367 4 eV,Cl₂能够被表面Ti原子捕获,表面Ti （5c）原子发生sd³轨道杂化,吸附发生时表面形成CO→TiO₂（110）→Cl流向的瞬时电子流,态密度的分布显示TiO₂（110）表面的Ti-O键强度被削弱,说明CO的存在对TiO₂的氯化有促进作用,同时表面O原子被激活,其随着CO从表面解离形成CO₂分子平均释放1.418 6 eV的能量,使得TiO₂（110）结构被破坏,同时也为下一个Cl₂分子提供了良好的吸附位。     

Image forgery detection using segmentation and swarm intelligent algorithm

Small or smooth cloned regions are difficult to be detected in image copy-move forgery (CMF) detection. Aiming at this problem, an effective method based on image segmentation and swarm intelligent (SI) algorithm is proposed. This method segments image into small nonoverlapping blocks. A calculation of smooth degree is given for each block. Test image is segmented into independent layers according to the smooth degree. SI algorithm is applied in finding the optimal detection parameters for each layer. These parameters are used to detect each layer by scale invariant features transform (SIFT)-based scheme, which can locate a mass of keypoints. The experimental results prove the good performance of the proposed method, which is effective to identify the CMF image with small or smooth cloned region.     

Reaction mechanism for in-situ β-SiAlON formation in Fe3Si-Si3N4-Al2O3 composites

In this work, Fe₃Si-Si₃N₄-Al₂O₃ composites were prepared at 1300℃ in an N₂ atmosphere using fused corundum and tabular alumina particles, Al₂O₃ fine powder, and ferrosilicon nitride (Fe₃Si-Si₃N₄) as raw materials and thermosetting phenolic resin as a binder. The effect of ferrosilicon nitride with different concentrations (0wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, and 25wt%) on the properties of Fe₃Si-Si₃N₄-Al₂O₃ composites was investigated. The results show that the apparent porosity varies between 10.3% and 17.3%, the bulk density varies from 2.94 g/cm3 and 3.30 g/cm3, and the cold crushing strength ranges from 67 MPa to 93 MPa. Under the experimental conditions, ferrosilicon nitride, whose content decreases substantially, is unstable; part of the ferrosilicon nitride is converted into Fe₂C, whereas the remainder is retained, eventually forming the ferrosilicon alloy. Thermodynamic assessment of the Si₅AlON₇ indicated that the ferrosilicon alloy accelerated the reactions between Si₃N₄ and α-Al₂O₃ fine powder and that Si in the ferrosilicon alloy was nitrided directly, forming β-SiAlON simultaneously. In addition, fused corundum did not react directly with Si₃N₄ because of its low reactivity.     

Spheroidization of silica powders by radio frequency inductively coupled plasma with Ar-H2 and Ar-N2 as the sheath gases at atmospheric pressu

Amorphous spherical silica powders were prepared by inductively coupled thermal plasma treatment at a radio frequency of 36.2 MHz. The effects of the added content of hydrogen and nitrogen into argon (serving as the sheath gas), as well as the carrier gas flow rate, on the spheroidization rate of silica powders, were investigated. The prepared silica powders before and after plasma treatment were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and laser granulometric analysis. Results indicated that the average size of the silica particles increased, and the transformation of crystals into the amorphous state occurred after plasma treatment. Discharge image processing was employed to analyze the effect of the plasma temperature field on the spheroidization rate. The spheroidization rate of the silica powder increased with the increase of the hydrogen content in the sheath gas. On the other hand, the spheroidization rate of the silica power first increased and then decreased with the increase of the nitrogen content in the sheath gas. Moreover, the amorphous content increased with the increase of the spheroidization rate of the silica powder.     

特异性脱敏法治疗变态反应性鼻炎

作者自1984年3月至1985年10月采用特异性脱敏的方法治疗变态反应性鼻炎患者202例。除去失访者外,完成季节性脱敏者185例,近期总有效率为70.8％,其中完成常年性脱敏者41例,总有效率为83％。在对病情的估价和疗效的判定时,我们采用了以症状、体征轻重程度为根据的记分法。结果表明,治疗前后的得分具有非常显著的差异(P<0.001)。作者还介绍了变应原皮肤试验,鼻变应原攻击试验、肥大细胞脱颗粒试验等特异性诊断技术在变态反应性鼻炎诊断中的应用。     

对岱海地区冰缘分期问题的初步研究

根据对岱海地区河湖相地层内所夹的上、中、下三层冻融褶皱及周围山地冰缘地貌的观察与分析,结合其所在地层的层位关系和~(14)C年代测定,划分了本区晚更新世晚期以来的三个冰缘期、两个间冰缘期和一个冰缘期后,并讨论了晚更新世晚期以来的气候变化。     

啮合型双螺杆挤出机的特性研究

在大量实验的基础上,作者指出计量加料对双螺杆的熔体输送有明显影响,故应把计量加料作为啮合型双螺杆挤出机的一个独立操作参量,在国内,作者第一次讨论了类似于单螺杆挤出机的啮合型双螺杆挤出机的螺杆特性线,工作图和工作点,另外作者建议把沿螺杆轴线方向的压力分布作为描写啮合型双螺杆挤出机特性的一个重要参量。