基于子波分解计算散射子平均间距的倒谱法

提出了一种对超声散射信号分析的方法－－子波分解（ＷＤ）倒谱法,并利用该方法对正常猪肝组织的回波信号进行了分析,对软组织中散射的平均间距进行了估计,与用ＡＲＩ倒谱法所得结果进行了比较,结果表明：ＷＤ倒谱比ＡＲ倒谱更能反映软组织的微观结构特征,说明ＷＤ倒谱是软组织超声散射信号分析与软组织散射子平均间距定特征的一种有效方法。     

Soil microstructure in soils of the Colorado Plateau: the role of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus

The role of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus in cold-desert soil crusts is investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Crusts from sandstone-, limestone-, and gypsum-derived soils are examined. When dry, polysaccharide sheath material from this cyanobacterium can be seen winding through and across all three types of soil surfaces, attaching to and binding soil particles together. When wet, sheaths and living filaments can be seen absorbing water, swelling and covering soil surfaces even more extensively. Addition of negatively charged material, found both as sheath material and attached clay particles, may affect cation exchange capacity of these soils as well. As a result of these observations, we propose that the presence of this cyanobacterium may significantly enhance soil stability, moisture retention, and fertility of cold-desert soils.     

豚鼠耳蜗基底膜的振动特性

为探讨豚鼠耳蜗基底膜的听觉机制,利用多普勒激光测振技术进行了声音在28只成年健康豚鼠耳中传递的测试实验.将豚鼠麻醉后切断头取出听泡,采用电钻暴露其耳蜗基底膜,利用多普勒激光测振仪在给定的声压级、频率的纯音激励条件下测量豚鼠外耳道耳蜗基底膜的振动速度,并测量了中耳镫骨的振动速度.结果表明,豚鼠外耳道基底膜具有频率选择特性,而且其基底膜的振动具有行波特性.     

Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity

Human-driven land-use changes increasingly threaten biodiversity, particularly in tropical forests where both species diversity and human pressures on natural environments are high. The rapid conversion of tropical forests for agriculture, timber production and other uses has generated vast, human-dominated landscapes with potentially dire consequences for tropical biodiversity. Today, few truly undisturbed tropical forests exist, whereas those degraded by repeated logging and fires, as well as secondary and plantation forests, are rapidly expanding. Here we provide a global assessment of the impact of disturbance and land conversion on biodiversity in tropical forests using a meta-analysis of 138 studies. We analysed 2,220 pairwise comparisons of biodiversity values in primary forests (with little or no human disturbance) and disturbed forests. We found that biodiversity values were substantially lower in degraded forests, but that this varied considerably by geographic region, taxonomic group, ecological metric and disturbance type. Even after partly accounting for confounding colonization and succession effects due to the composition of surrounding habitats, isolation and time since disturbance, we find that most forms of forest degradation have an overwhelmingly detrimental effect on tropical biodiversity. Our results clearly indicate that when it comes to maintaining tropical biodiversity, there is no substitute for primary forests.     

奥沙普秦的线性扫描极谱法测定

用线性扫描极谱法和循环伏安法研究奥沙普秦在0.05mol.L-1HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液(pH5.18)中的电化学行为。奥沙普秦于-1.221V(vs.SCE)处产生一灵敏的吸附波,奥沙普秦浓度在4.0μg.L-1～2000.0μg.L-1范围时,其一次微分线性扫描峰电流与奥沙普秦浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.99920(n=15),检出限为2.4μg.L-1。对200.0μg.L-1奥沙普秦溶液进行6次平行试验,RSD为1.02%,回收率在94.3%～96.2%之间,方法可用于其在片剂中含量的测定。     

GIS-Based Mapping and Zonation of Landslide Hazards in Xiaojiang Valley of Southwestern China

Through the field survey, previous researches and interpretation of aerial photos, a landslide irformation database of Xiaojiang Valley, Yunnan Province was set up based on the remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies. In the paper, a quantitative model for the landslide hazard assessment and zoning was presented,in which the potential energy could be obtained on basis of thorough analysis of the potential sliding volume, distance and direction of the landslide body. Taking landslide potential energy as the index of the hazard severity zonation, the study area was divided into severe, heavy, medium and light hazard zones.     

浅议施工企业工程项目效益评估

简述了工程项目效益评估产生的背景及在确定项目经济技术承包指标管理活动中所发挥的作用，详细介绍了工程项目效益评估的内容、依据及评估的程序。