The uptake of ethyl iodide on black carbon surface

The importance of the iodine chemistry in the atmosphere has been demonstrated by recent obserations. The uptake of ethyl iodine on black carbon surface was inestigated at 298 K for the first time. Degussa FW2 （an amorphous black carbon comprising medium oxides） was used as black carbon sample. Black carbon surface was found to be deactiated in reaction with C2H51, and the uptake coefficient （r） was dependent on the time of exposure. The alue of （2.3±0.9）×10^-2 was determined for the initial uptake coefficient （No）. The result suggests that the heterogeneous loss of C2H51 on carbonaceous aerosols may be important under the atmospheric conditions.     

具有Markov延迟的网络化控制系统控制与通信协同设计

由于网络化控制系统分析与设计的复杂性,其控制与通信协同设计问题一直没有得到解决.该文讨论了一类离散线性时不变网络化控制系统在服从介质访问约束和传感器-控制器端存在Markov随机延迟的情况下控制与通信协同设计问题,提出了系统均方稳定的条件.采用静态通信序列,使通信序列和控制器可以分别设计,应用V-K迭代算法设计最优周期控制增益.仿真算例验证了系统在所设计的最优控制器下达到均方稳定.     

Meiyu in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River since 1736

＂Yu Xue Fen Cun＂ records during the Qing Dynasty are used to identify the starting and ending dates of Meiyu at the period of 1736-1911. These results, along with the instrumental meteorological records, are used to reconstruct the series of length and precipitation of Meiyu during 1736-2000 over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The characteristics of Meiyu are analyzed since 1736. Moreover, the strength of East Asian Summer Monsoon and locations of rainband are discussed, based on the relationship between the length of Meiyu and the Index of East Asian Summer Monsoon. It is found that the starting and ending dates and the length of Meiyu have significant interannual and interdecadal variations. Apart from 7-8 years, 20-30 years and 40 years cycles for the lengths of Meiyu, the centennial oscillation is also presented. The length of Meiyu, monsoon rainband movement over eastern China, and the strength of East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM） have a very good correlation, which can be expressed in the following： during the periods of 1736-1770, 1821-1870 and 1921-1970, the EASM was stronger, and the monsoon rainband was located in North China and South China easily, corresponding to the decreased length of Meiyu. Whereas during the periods of 1771-1820, 1871-1920 and 1971-2000, the EASM was weaker and monsoon rainband usually stopped at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, corresponding to the increased length of Meiyu.     

Rate constants for the reaction of ozone with <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-butyl, <Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis>-butyl and <Emphasis Type="Italic">t</Emphasis>-butyl methyl sulfides

The rate constants for the ozone reactions with n-butyl methyl sulfide （n-BMS, CHaCH2CH2CH2SCH3）, sec-butyl methyl sulfide （s-BMS, CH3CH2（CH3）CHSCHa） and tert-butyl methyl sulfide （t-BMS, （CH3）3CSCH3） were measured using our smog chamber under supposedly pseudo-first-order conditions at 30002 K and 760 Torr. The experimental determined rate constants for n-butyl, s-butyl and t-butyl methyl sulfide are （1.23 ± 0.06）×10-19, （5.08 ± 0.19）×10-20 and （2.26 ± 0.14）×10-20 cm3 molecule-1· s-1, respectively. The reactivity-structure relationship of the reactions was discussed and used to illustrate the mechanism of the ozone reaction with thioethers. The results enrich the kinetics data of atmospheric chemistry.     

太原地区冰雹气候特征及防雹减灾对策

采用1979年—2001年太原市6个县(市、区)气象局的历史资料,分析了降雹的空间分布和年变化、日变化及持续时间。根据当地情况,提出了加强预测预报、植树造林和改良土壤等减轻冰雹灾害的对策。     

Implementation of generic AHP evaluation system and its application to impact factors of on-line consumption behavior

To implement the computation of AHP （Analytic Hierarchy Process） automatically, make the implementation independence on the platform, and to convenient the service composition and service computation, this study implemented AHP model as a Web service and stored the evaluation information as XML form. This paper introduces the overall demands of AHP evaluation system firstly, and then presents some key technologies to implement AHP evaluation system, including mainly AHP evaluation index architecture based on XML, the class of AHP model, the Web service encapsulation of AHP, the publication and invocation of AHP and the client application. At last, the system is used to analyze the impact factors of online consumption behavior.     

论言内语境对“吃＋宾（补）”结构的语义彰显作用

“吃＋宾”结构是现代汉语中讨论得比较多的问题,本文结合语境理论对其作了综合述评,着重探讨其言内语境;对学者们研究较少的“吃＋补”结构着重从语义指向角度分析其言内语境对语义的彰显作用。指出“吃＋宾（补）”结构生成发展的深层因素是汉民族的文化、心理、语言习惯。     

浅议高校本科生参与教师科研过程机制的探索

为适应社会发展对人才素质提出的要求,提高高校大学生的创新精神和研究能力,应加强教学与科研的有机结合,倡导学生,尤其是低年级学生参与教师的科研工作,鼓励把研究性教学贯穿于教学的全过程。     

支持复杂语义的数据流滑动窗口连接建模和查询优化

数据流连接操作的执行方式直接影响到查询执行的效率和结果的正确性.在STREAM项目流化方法的基础上,对复杂应用下的数据流滑动窗口连接的准确语义进行了分析和建模,以时间窗口连接的增量维护为例提出了两种改进的基本维护策略,给出了针对元组窗和分组窗的维护方法,讨论了根据参数和环境的不同进行适应性的维护.实验证明了在不同的窗口、流速和选择度下,适应性地选择不同的优化算法会达到最优的处理性能.     

Strong quantum-confined Stark effect in germanium quantum-well structures on silicon

Silicon is the dominant semiconductor for electronics, but there is now a growing need to integrate such components with optoelectronics for telecommunications and computer interconnections. Silicon-based optical modulators have recently been successfully demonstrated; but because the light modulation mechanisms in silicon are relatively weak, long (for example, several millimetres) devices or sophisticated high-quality-factor resonators have been necessary. Thin quantum-well structures made from III-V semiconductors such as GaAs, InP and their alloys exhibit the much stronger quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) mechanism, which allows modulator structures with only micrometres of optical path length. Such III-V materials are unfortunately difficult to integrate with silicon electronic devices. Germanium is routinely integrated with silicon in electronics, but previous silicon-germanium structures have also not shown strong modulation effects. Here we report the discovery of the QCSE, at room temperature, in thin germanium quantum-well structures grown on silicon. The QCSE here has strengths comparable to that in III-V materials. Its clarity and strength are particularly surprising because germanium is an indirect gap semiconductor; such semiconductors often display much weaker optical effects than direct gap materials (such as the III-V materials typically used for optoelectronics). This discovery is very promising for small, high-speed, low-power optical output devices fully compatible with silicon electronics manufacture.