O形密封环的弹塑性大变形和循环松弛分析

采用非经典大变形弹塑性理论和相应的结构分析有限元程序对压力容器法兰密封结构元件Ｏ形环的压扁及回弹进行了分析。进而对Ｏ形环元件的反复加卸载过程中压紧力的松驰进行了分析,结果与实验吻合得很好。分析还表明所采用的方法收敛速度快且便于工程应用。     

埋藏式钢管的抗外压稳定研究

应用壳体稳定理论结合某一工程实例研究了圆形加劲环式钢管和锚筋式钢管的抗外压稳定问题。首先分析了非对称外压对失稳荷载的影响;其次根据壳体稳定分析结果对锚筋式和加劲环式钢管的失稳形态和影响因素进行了分析,并对现有计算公式进行了评述。结果表明,对锚筋式和加筋环式钢管采用本文提出的按壳体稳定理论建立的有限元计算公式是可靠合理的。     

脉冲离子渗碳过程优化算法

针对脉冲离子渗碳过程的模拟计算,提出了两种优化工艺计算方法。采用扩散系数随温度和碳的质量分数而变化的非线性数学模型,提高了计算精度,讨论了优化计算程序实现中的一些环节以及优化方法、扩散系数、碳的质量分数上限、吸碳率对优化结果的影响,并结合实验结果计算了传统的“周期法”渗碳工艺和优化的工艺在同一渗碳条件下的碳的质量分数分布。结果表明：要用优化工艺后,在相同时间内达到的有效渗层深度明显增加,在相同条件     

A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

The seeding of an expanse of surface waters in the equatorial Pacific Ocean with low concentrations of dissolved iron triggered a massive phytoplankton bloom which consumed large quantities of carbon dioxide and nitrate that these microscopic plants cannot fully utilize under natural conditions. These and other observations provide unequivocal support for the hypothesis that phytoplankton growth in this oceanic region is limited by iron bioavailability.     

抗磨贝氏体球铁的裂纹形核与扩展

采用压痕法及扫描电镜观察,研究了抗磨贝氏体球铁中裂纹的形核与扩展。实验结果表明,裂纹主要在石墨─基体界面形成,其次在碳化物─基体界面形核。裂纹在石墨─基体界面和碳化物─基体界面的形成机制不同,裂纹优先沿界面扩展。并从热力学的角度对其进行了分析。     

关于序半群的半格同余

Ｎ．Ｋｅｈａｙｏｐｕｌｕ教授在「１」中提出“ｐ０－半群上的半格同余‘Ｎ’是否为去掉最小半格同余”的问题。本文引进半格同余ｎ,证明存在ｐ０－半群Ｓ,Ｓ,上的半格同余ｎ∩→上的半格同余ｎ∩→Ｎ,给出该问题否定回答。     

剪切型建筑结构抗共振抗震设计

通过将剪切型建筑结构的固有频率调离场地的卓越频率区域,提出一种抗共振抗震设计方法。数值算例说明该方法是很有效的。     

对《城镇地籍调查规程》和《地籍测量规范》的探讨

国家国土局批准的行业标准《城镇地籍调查规程》(简称《规程》)、国测局批准的局标准《地籍测量规范》(简称《规范》),是当前从事城镇地籍调查可遵循的两个技术标准。对《规程》、《规范》制定的指导思想、精度指标以及实践中如何执行等方面进行了探讨。     

Some citrus chitinases also possess chitosanase activities

Several acidic chitinase and chitosanase isoforms were found in 4-week-old nonembryogenic sweet orange (Valencia [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]) callus tissue. Two isoforms (designated A1-CF1 and A1-CF2) were purified to homogeneity using HPLC size exclusion, anion exchange, and chromatofocusing techniques. Both hydrolase isoforms exhibited activity with either colloidal chitin or solubilized shrimp shell chitosan. Specific activities for the purified isoforms could not be calculated because of the lack of protein and contamination of ampholytes. However, the specific activities for chitinase and chitosanase after anion exchange were respectively 404 nmol GlcNAc per min per mg protein and 2,475 nmol GlcN per min per mg protein. The M_r for both enzymes was 30,500. The homogeneous proteins cross-reacted in western blots with antiserum against a basic class I potato leaf chitinase.     

A 6,000-year sedimentary molecular record of chemocline excursions in the Black Sea

The Black Sea is the world's largest anoxic basin; it is also a contemporary analogue of the environment in which carbonaceous shales and petroleum source beds formed. Recently, Repeta et al. reported that anoxygenic photosynthesis may be an important component of carbon cycling in the present Black Sea, owing to a shoaling of the chemocline and consequent penetration of the photic zone by anaerobic waters in the past few decades. It has been suggested that this was due to an anthropogenic decrease in freshwater input to the Black Sea, although natural causes were not ruled out. Here we report the distributions of sequestered photosynthetic pigments in eight core samples of sediments from the Black Sea ranging in age from zero to 6,200 years before the present. Our results show that photosynthetic green sulphur bacteria (Chlorobiaceae [correction of Clorobiaceae]) have been active in the Black Sea for substantial periods of time in the past. This finding indicates that the penetration of the photic zone by anaerobic waters is not a recent phenomenon, and suggests that natural causes for shoaling of the chemocline are more likely than anthropogenic ones.