实时定量PCR检测B细胞恶性肿瘤中BCL11A基因的表达水平

目的:建立B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病BCL11A基因的定量检测方法,并分析其在B细胞恶性肿瘤中的表达水平。方法:利用实时定量RT-PCR分析B细胞淋巴瘤(18例)、B细胞性慢性淋巴细胞白血病(B-CLL,8例)、T细胞性急性淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL,8例)和正常对照(15例)外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中BCL11A基因的表达水平,以甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)基因作为内对照。结果:B-CLL组和B细胞淋巴瘤组患者PBMC中BCL11A表达水平均明显高于正常对照(P=0.000)和T-ALL组(P=0.000);T-ALL组和正常对照组BCL11A表达水平无显著差别(P=0.084);B-CLL组和B细胞淋巴瘤组BCL11A表达水平无显著差别(P=0.776)。在B细胞淋巴瘤不同的病例中,BCL11A表达水平有较大差异,其中最小值为0.04,最大值为9.70,中位值为1.00。结论:成功建立BCL11A基因的定量检测方法。     

A bright example for all of us- Professor Shi Changxu

Professor Shi Chanxu received the Top Scientists Award of China in early 2011.This is a very important event.As a materials scientist originally from China,I am very happy to hear this news.I see this award as a great encouragement,not only for people working in the field of Materials Science and Engineering, but also for all scientists and technologists in China. Professor Shi is one of the most famous materials scientists in the world,and has also made great contributions to the strategic development of science and engineering in China.I had the opportunity to listen     

Crystal structure of the β2 adrenergic receptor-Gs protein complex

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are responsible for the majority of cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters as well as the senses of sight, olfaction and taste. The paradigm of GPCR signalling is the activation of a heterotrimeric GTP binding protein (G protein) by an agonist-occupied receptor. The β(2) adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR) activation of Gs, the stimulatory G protein for adenylyl cyclase, has long been a model system for GPCR signalling. Here we present the crystal structure of the active state ternary complex composed of agonist-occupied monomeric β(2)AR and nucleotide-free Gs heterotrimer. The principal interactions between the β(2)AR and Gs involve the amino- and carboxy-terminal α-helices of Gs, with conformational changes propagating to the nucleotide-binding pocket. The largest conformational changes in the β(2)AR include a 14 ? outward movement at the cytoplasmic end of transmembrane segment 6 (TM6) and an α-helical extension of the cytoplasmic end of TM5. The most surprising observation is a major displacement of the α-helical domain of Gαs relative to the Ras-like GTPase domain. This crystal structure represents the first high-resolution view of transmembrane signalling by a GPCR.     

Existence of macroscopic spatial superpositions in collapse theories

It is shown that the collapse dynamics in the CSL model will entangle two independent systems under certain conditions, and their state after collapse may be an entangled superposition of spatially separated states. However, since the conditions can hardly be satisfied in reality, the occurrence of such superpositions is very improbable, and thus collapse theories still provide a promising solution to the measurement problem.     

The Dynamics of Two-State Public Opinion Propagation On Signed Networks

The formation of public opinion on the network is a hot issue in the field of complex network research, and some classical dynamic models are used to solve this problem. The signed network is a particular form of the complex network, which can adequately describe the amicable and hostile relationships in complex real-world systems. However, the methods for studying the dynamic process of public opinion propagation on signed networks still require to be further discussed. In this paper, the authors pay attention to the influence of negative edges in order to design a two-state public opinion propagation mechanism suitable for signed networks. The authors first set the interaction rules between nodes and the transition rules of node states and then apply the model to synthetic and real-world signed networks. The simulation results show that there is a critical value of the negative edge ratio.When the negative edge ratio exceeds this critical value, the evolutionary result of public opinion will change from a consistent state to a split state. This conclusion is also consistent with the distribution result of opinions within communities in the signed network. Besides, the research on the network structural balance shows that the model makes the network evolve in a more balanced direction.     

Engineering of multiferroic BiFeO3 grain boundaries with head-to-head polarization configurations

Confined low dimensional charges with high density such as two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at interfaces and charged domain walls in ferroelectrics show gre...     

基于HMM的多维数据下扶贫对象状态预测

针对扶贫领域中贫困、脱贫和返贫状态预测不准确,影响状态变迁的关键因素难以识别的问题,从扶贫基础数据和多个行业数据中提取8个关键特征和22个观测状态,构建观察状态和隐含状态关联关系,建立扶贫对象状态预测隐马尔可夫模型(hidden markov model,HMM)。以某深度贫困县连续3年的数据为样本,进行参数训练、测试实验和结果验证,结果表明该方法对返贫、贫困和脱贫状态有较强的预测能力,误差率较低,且能准确识别出影响返贫的关键要素。该方法对指导精准扶贫工作具有非常重要的实际意义。     

基于启发式的多机器人SLAM地图融合方法研究

同步定位和地图构建（simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM）是移动机器人在未知环境中完成地图构建和定位任务的关键技术。针对多机器人SLAM中的地图融合问题,提出一种启发式的搜索方法引导局部地图的重复区域进行地图融合。每个机器人可以在不了解其相对位置的情况下建立局部地图,并将局部地图信息发送至同一工作站中,以局部地图的相似性为判断指标融合得到最优的全局地图。在机器人实物平台上进行验证,结果证明了多机器人SLAM的地图融合算法的有效性和准确性。     

Differentiated cells are more efficient than adult stem cells for cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer

Since the creation of Dolly via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), more than a dozen species of mammals have been cloned using this technology. One hypothesis for the limited success of cloning via SCNT (1%-5%) is that the clones are likely to be derived from adult stem cells. Support for this hypothesis comes from the findings that the reproductive cloning efficiency for embryonic stem cells is five to ten times higher than that for somatic cells as donors and that cloned pups cannot be produced directly from cloned embryos derived from differentiated B and T cells or neuronal cells. The question remains as to whether SCNT-derived animal clones can be derived from truly differentiated somatic cells. We tested this hypothesis with mouse hematopoietic cells at different differentiation stages: hematopoietic stem cells, progenitor cells and granulocytes. We found that cloning efficiency increases over the differentiation hierarchy, and terminally differentiated postmitotic granulocytes yield cloned pups with the greatest cloning efficiency.     

IFT54 regulates IFT20 stability but is not essential for tubulin transport during ciliogenesis

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is required for ciliogenesis by ferrying ciliary components using IFT complexes as cargo adaptors. IFT54 is a component of the IFT-B complex and is also associated with cytoplasmic microtubules (MTs). Loss of IFT54 impairs cilia assembly as well as cytoplasmic MT dynamics. The N-terminal calponin homology (CH) domain of IFT54 interacts with tubulins/MTs and has been proposed to transport tubulin during ciliogenesis, whereas the C-terminal coiled-coil (CC) domain binds IFT20. However, the precise function of these domains in vivo is not well understood. We showed that in Chlamydomonas, loss of IFT54 completely blocks ciliogenesis but does not affect spindle formation and proper cell cycle progression, even though IFT54 interacts with mitotic MTs. Interestingly, IFT54 lacking the CH domain allows proper flagellar assembly. The CH domain is required for the association of IFT54 with the axoneme but not with mitotic MTs, and also regulates the flagellar import of IFT54 but not IFT81 and IFT46. The C-terminal CC domain is essential for IFT54 to bind IFT20, and for its recruitment to the basal body and incorporation into IFT complexes. Complete loss of IFT54 or the CC domain destabilizes IFT20. ift54 mutant cells expressing the CC domain alone rescue the stability of IFT20 and form stunted flagella with accumulation of both IFT-A component IFT43 and IFT-B component IFT46, indicating that IFT54 also functions in IFT turn-around at the flagellar tip.