江西丰城市汉族8对遗传性状的基因频率

为探究江西汉族部分遗传性状基因频率分布的特征,采用随机抽样方法对江西丰城市372例(男233例,女139例)汉族人群的眦褶、眼睑、鼻梁类型、鼻孔形状、下颌类型、耳垂类型、额头发际、发形8对遗传性状进行了调查.结果显示:眦褶、头发类型性别间差异有统计学意义;眼睑、鼻梁形状性别间差异有统计学意义;鼻孔、下颌、耳垂、发际性别间差异无统计学意义;内眦褶、鼻孔形状民族间差异较大,耳垂、下颌、发际、发形次之,鼻梁类型、眼睑民族间差异较小;与其它13个民族进行聚类分析结果显示,遗传性状的基因频率分布具有一定的地域性.     

松嫩草地碳和水通量对全球变化的响应

全球变暖和氮格局的改变对生态系统碳通量的变化具有深远的影响,长期的模拟增温和氮沉降实验对预测21世纪全球气候变化下草地生态系统生产力和碳匮缺的响应有着至关重要的意义.在中国东北松嫩草地开展4年的增温和施氯实验,通过测定羊草草地光合特性,试图揭示全球变化对羊草草地的碳、水通量产生的影响.试验采用一个封闭的光合测定系统(LI-6400)测定草地的碳、水通量变化,通过计算CO2的变化量确定净生态系统CO2交换量.结果表明,增温降低了净生态系统CO2交换量(NEE),净生态系统生产力(GEP)和生态系统蒸腾作用(ET),升高了生态系统呼吸(ER)和水分利用效率(WUE);施氮处理刺激了NEE、ER、GEP和WUE;增温加施氮处理,氮素的添加缓解了因增温对生态系统产生的负效应.碳、水通量对全球变化的响应是通过改变生物群落中优势物种羊草的数量实现的,全球变化能在短期内迅速改变松嫩草地的碳通量.这些结果都有助于理解未来生态系统碳循环对全球气候变化的反馈.     

并行埋地管道准周期土壤温度场的数值模拟

并行埋地管道中,常温输送的成品油管道会影响热原油管道的温度场,从而与单根输油管道的温度场不同.热油管道周围土壤温度场是管道停输再启动和管道运行的基础,只有准确掌握管道周围土壤温度场的变化规律,才能使管道安全运行,避免凝管事故发生.为了研究并行管道周围土壤温度场在准周期内的变化规律,以西部原油成品油管道四堡进站位置为例,在实测管道周围土壤物性的基础上,采用非结构化有限容积法对并行埋地管道周围土壤温度场进行模拟研究.模拟计算结果与现场实测结果基本吻合,表明提出的计算模型正确,计算结果能够为工程实际提供参考.     

过抽样混沌序列的语音通信加密应用

通过对混沌系统特性的研究,设计出一种安全性高、加密速度快的通信加密方案.首先根据数字混沌序列的特性对混沌的迭代过程进行改进,实现对Chebyshev混沌序列的过抽样处理.设计语音信号传输系统,在发送端实现混沌序列对语音信号的加密,调制后进入高斯白噪声信道,在接收端接收到密文后对加密语音信号进行解调和解密,得到解密后的语音信号.实验证明,过抽样技术应用在混沌扩频通信中,可以极大地提高无线通信的保密性.     

An overview of resistive random access memory devices

With recent progress in material science, resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices have attracted interest for nonvolatile, low-power, nondestructive readout, and high-density memories. Relevant performance parameters of RRAM devices include operating voltage, operation speed, resistance ratio, endurance, retention time, device yield, and multilevel storage. Numerous resistive-switching mechanisms, such as conductive filament, space-charge-limited conduction, trap charging and discharging, Schottky Emission, and Pool-Frenkel emission, have been proposed to explain the resistive switching of RRAM devices. In addition to a discussion of these mechanisms, the effects of electrode materials, doped oxide materials, and different configuration devices on the resistive-switching characteristics in nonvolatile memory applications, are reviewed. Finally, suggestions for future research, as well as the challenges awaiting RRAM devices, are given.     

Evaluating the reliability of microsatellite genotyping from low-quality DNA templates with a polynomial distribution model

Molecular studies using trace DNA, such as from museum specimens, ancient or forensic samples and samples obtained noninvasively, often have a common problem of low quality of DNA templates. Amplification errors, such as allelic dropout and false allele, may arise during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using such samples. A mathematical model which treats homozygotes and heterozygotes discriminately has been developed to measure sample quality and compute the confidence level of using multipletube approaches. We use plucked hair samples collected from 26 individual Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxel- lana) to test the model. In this case, a confidence level of 99% can be achieved by three positive PCRs. If the sample quality is very poor and requires many PCR replicates, an alternative multiplestep genotyping method is recommended. This model enables researchers to optimize experimental protocols through pilot studies and obtain reliable genetic information using noninvasive sampling method.     

A comparison of optimization theories for energy conservation in heat exchanger groups

In general,thermal processes can be classified into two categories: heat-work conversion processes and heat transfer processes. Correspondingly,the optimization of thermal processes has to have two different criteria:the well known entropy generation minimization method and the recently proposed entransy dissipation maximization method. This study analyzes the thermal issues in a heat exchanger group,and optimizes the unit arrangements under different constraints based on a suitable optimization crite-rion. The result indicates that the principle of minimum entropy generation rate is valid for optimizing heat exchangers in a ther-modynamic cycle with given boundary temperatures. In contrast,the entransy dissipation maximization is more suitable in heat exchanger optimizations involving only heat transfer processes. Furthermore,the entropy generation rate induced by dumping used streams into ambient surroundings has to be taken into account,except for that originating from the hot and cold-ends of heat exchangers,when using the entropy generation minimization to optimize heat exchangers undergoing a thermodynamic cycle.     

Coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in summer

Field measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange in three coral reef areas of the South China Sea (i.e. the Yongshu Reef atoll of the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea (SCS); Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, north-central SCS; and Luhuitou Fringing Reef in Sanya of Hainan Island, northern SCS) during the summers of 2008 and 2009 revealed that both air and surface seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) showed regular diurnal cycles. Minimum values occurred in the evening and maximum values in the morning. Air pCO2 in each of the three study areas showed small diurnal variations, while large diurnal variations were ob-served in seawater pCO2. The diurnal variation amplitude of seawater pCO2 was ~70 μmol mol–1 at the Yongshu Reef lagoon, 420–619 μmol mol–1 on the Yongxing Island reef flat, and 264–579 μmol mol–1 on the reef flat of the Luhuitou Fringing Reef, and 324–492 μmol mol–1 in an adjacent area just outside of this fringing reef. With respect to spatial relations, there were large differences in air-sea CO2 flux across the South China Sea (e.g. ~0.4 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongshu Reef, ~4.7 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongxing Island, and ~9.8 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Luhuitou Fringing Reef). However, these positive values suggest that coral reef ecosystems of the SCS may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additional analyses indicated that diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the shallow water reef flat are controlled mainly by biological metabolic processes, while those of deeper water lagoons and outer reef areas are regulated by both biological metabolism and hydrodynamic factors. Unlike the open ocean, inorganic metabolism plays a significant role in influencing seawater pCO2 variations in coral reef ecosystems.     

Sufficient and necessary conditions of separability for bipartite pure states in infinite-dimensional systems

The PHC criterion and the realignment criterion for pure states in infinite-dimensional bipartite quantum systems are given. Furthermore, several equivalent conditions for pure states to be separable are generalized to infinite-dimensional systems.     

基于HHT方法的果蝇鸣声特征提取及分类

 采用HHT方法对同种内2个不同品系果蝇翅振鸣声进行特征分析,分别提取果蝇翅振鸣声前10阶IMF能量与信号总能量的比值,HH谱图的低频段、中频段、高频段的相对能量值作为特征向量.设计BP神经网络分类器识别不同品系果蝇.实验结果表明,用HHT方法提取特征,神经网络识别不同品系果蝇的方法是可行而有效的,为进一步鉴别果蝇种内关系提供了新的思想和方法.