Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces

Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified ～ 3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained ～ 36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice.     

数字电视条件接收系统的加扰算法芯片设计

简要介绍了DVB数字视频广播条件接收系统中通用加扰算法的原理。基于Altera公司StratixⅡ系列的FPGA,底层各模块采用硬件描述语言(Verilog HDL)进行描述,顶层采用原理图设计的方式,设计出采用DVB通用加扰算法的加扰器。利用Quar-tus Ⅱ7.2进行编译、仿真,从对编译及各模块的仿真结果分析,块加密模块与流加密模块的最高时钟频率分别达到229.89MHz与331.27MHz,达到了设计要求。最后在FPGA上测试表明:本设计可以应用于实际TS流的加扰。     

Granzyme B is recovered by natural killer cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis

When they recognize a target cell, natural killer (NK) cells mount an attack to kill the target by exerting their cytotoxicity via the exocytosis of cytotoxic granules. Although the details of this process (which includes the movement of cytotoxic granules in the immune synapse and their fusion with the plasma membrane, releasing granzymes and perforin into the synaptic cleft) are relatively better understood, the post-exocytosis regulation of the process is still largely unknown. Here we show that a clathrin-dependent endocytosis stimulated by target cell occurs in NK92 cell line, which is closely correlated with granzyme B recovery. Inhibition of the endocytosis significantly attenuates the cytotoxicity of NK92 cells. The NK cell recovery of its released effector molecules, in turn, suggests that endocytosis may well play a key role in the post exocytosis regulation of immune cells.     

剩余型直觉模糊推理的三I方法

要本文研究了由左连续三角模所生成的直觉三角模的性质,给出了与直觉三角模相伴随的剩余型直觉蕴涵算子的等价刻画,揭示了直觉模糊蕴涵算子和模糊蕴涵算子的关系．结合模糊推理的三I方法,针对剩余型直觉蕴涵算子,提出直觉模糊推理IFMP问题的三I方法和分解方法,给出两种方法的求解公式,并讨论了它们的还原性,证明了三I方法和分解方法具有良好的还原性．最后提出了IFMP问题的a-三I方法．并给出相应的算例分析．     

海杂波频谱的多重分形特性分析

本文主要研究海杂波频谱的多重分形特性并分析其影响因素．首先介绍了将多重分形理论引入到海杂波频谱分析中的理论基础,然后,采用X波段与S波段相参雷达实测数据验证海杂波频谱的多重分形特性,并采用多重分形去趋势起伏分析（MF-DFA）法对海杂波频谱进行多重分形特性分析、分析结果表明海杂波频谱是一种受长程相关性和概率分布共同影响的多重分形序列,并且频域多重分形参数广义Hurst指数对海杂波单元与目标单元具有一定的区分能力．此外．通过分析广义Hurst指数的影响因素还发现FFT时所采用的时间序列长度对广义Hurst指数影响相对较大,而FFT点数对其影响相对较小．     

CCDC103 mutations cause primary ciliary dyskinesia by disrupting assembly of ciliary dynein arms

Cilia are essential for fertilization, respiratory clearance, cerebrospinal fluid circulation and establishing laterality. Cilia motility defects cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD, MIM244400), a disorder affecting 1:15,000-30,000 births. Cilia motility requires the assembly of multisubunit dynein arms that drive ciliary bending. Despite progress in understanding the genetic basis of PCD, mutations remain to be identified for several PCD-linked loci. Here we show that the zebrafish cilia paralysis mutant schmalhans (smh(tn222)) encodes the coiled-coil domain containing 103 protein (Ccdc103), a foxj1a-regulated gene product. Screening 146 unrelated PCD families identified individuals in six families with reduced outer dynein arms who carried mutations in CCDC103. Dynein arm assembly in smh mutant zebrafish was rescued by wild-type but not mutant human CCDC103. Chlamydomonas Ccdc103/Pr46b functions as a tightly bound, axoneme-associated protein. These results identify Ccdc103 as a dynein arm attachment factor that causes primary ciliary dyskinesia when mutated.     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.     

A genome-wide association study in Han Chinese identifies new susceptibility loci for ankylosing spondylitis

To identify susceptibility loci for ankylosing spondylitis, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study in Han Chinese. In the discovery stage, we analyzed 1,356,350 autosomal SNPs in 1,837 individuals with ankylosing spondylitis and 4,231 controls; in the validation stage, we analyzed 30 suggestive SNPs in an additional 2,100 affected individuals and 3,496 controls. We identified two new susceptibility loci between EDIL3 and HAPLN1 at 5q14.3 (rs4552569; P = 8.77 × 10(-10)) and within ANO6 at 12q12 (rs17095830; P = 1.63 × 10(-8)). We also confirmed previously reported associations in Europeans within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region (top SNP, rs13202464; P < 5 × 10(-324)) and at 2p15 (rs10865331; P = 1.98 × 10(-8)). We show that rs13202464 within the MHC region mainly represents the risk effect of HLA-B*27 variants (including HLA-B*2704, HLA-B*2705 and HLA-B*2715) in Chinese. The two newly discovered loci implicate genes related to bone formation and cartilage development, suggesting their potential involvement in the etiology of ankylosing spondylitis.     

基于CBERS CCD数据的鹿洼煤矿塌陷区LUCC检测

本文基于多时相中巴地球资源卫星CBERS CCD数据,以鹿洼煤矿塌陷区为例,利用混合像元分解技术开展土地利用/覆盖变化LUCC检测.分别选取研究区域的2002年、2006年和2010年3个时相的CBERSCCD图像作为遥感数据源,将粒子群优化算法引入到端元提取中,基于线性光谱混合模型提取鹿洼煤矿塌陷区水体、建筑用地、农田和土壤4类地物信息,并对结果进行统计分析.LUCC检测结果表明,2002年至2010年间,鹿洼煤矿塌陷地面积逐年增加,造成大面积农田积水,导致无法进行作物耕种.最后,结合当地政府采取的塌陷地治理措施分析了土地利用变化情况.