Biogenesis of mitochondrial porin: The import pathway

Summary We review here the present knowledge about the pathway of import and assembly of porin into mitochondria and compare it to those of other mitochondrial proteins. Porin, like all outer mitochondrial membrane proteins studied so far is made as a precursor without a cleavble signal sequence; thus targeting information must reside in the mature sequence. At least part of this information appears to be located at the amino-terminal end of the molecule. Transport into mitochondria can occur post-translationally. In a first step, the porin precursor is specifically recognized on the mitochondrial surface by a protease sensitive receptor. In a second step, porin precursor inserts partially into the outer membrane. This step is mediated by a component of the import machinery common to the import pathways of precursor proteins destined for other mitochondrial subcompartments. Finally, porin is assembled to produce the functional oligomeric form of an integral membrane protein wich is characterized by its extreme protease resistance.     

Exogenous fibronectin modifies the aggregation of collagen-stimulated human platelets

Summary Fibronectins (FN) are adhesive glycoproteins whose role in platelet aggregation is unclear. Addition of 3, 6 and 12 g/ml of human plasma FN in vitro to isolated human platelets, which had been freed from plasma FN by gel filtration and subsequently stimulated with collagen, inhibited the last stage of platelet aggregation. With 3 and 6g/ml of FN a shortening of the lag-time was also observed. These data showed that FN may play a role in platelet-collagen interaction as well as in platelet-platelet interaction.     

Proton-induced dismutation of superoxide in aprotic media by bile pigments

Summary Cyclic voltammetry of molecular oxygen in aprotic media (dimethylformamide) and in the presence of bilirubin and other bile pigments shows that superoxide anion ( ) undergoes proton-induced dismutation. Lactam hydrogens of bile pigments are sufficiently acid to induce disproportionation to O₂ and H₂O₂. Because of its characteristic lipophilic behavior, a biological role for natural bilirubin similar to that of other non-enzymatic lipophilic scavengers of is suggested.     

Metabolism of 3β-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid in hamsters

Summary Metabolism of 26-hydroxycholesterol to 3-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid and other C24-bile acids has been expected to occur by way of 3-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid in studies in vitro. 3-Hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid was infused intravenously into bile fistula hamsters and the following C24-bile acids were identified: 3-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid, lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and a small amount of cholic acid.     

几种巴西橡胶三合树的生长状况和光合强度

不同组合巴西橡胶三合树在福建南部的生态条件下,其生长强度,生理代谢和抗逆能力都存在差异。本文中主要研究比较了几种橡胶三合树的生长强度,光合作用强度及其变化。研究结果表明,三合树的生长强度和光合强度明显比对照树高,不同组合三合树的生长强度和光合强度与它们的抗寒力成正相关。     

小型文献资料检索系统

本文介绍的这种情报资料检索系统,采用了数据压缩存贮技术,并使用链表记录的存贮结构解决了变长信息的存贮问题,系统的功能以“菜单”和“快速”两种方式提供给用户,使用方便。     

Innovators and contrapreneurs: Crucial alliances that connect and separate organizational change processes

This paper focuses on the coupling among alliances, relationships, management, and activities, when major strategic changes are carried out in an old organization. The paper also points out hownew alliances andchanged relationships seem to be developing in a Norwegian company. As a conclusion, we point out six elements which, according to our research, have to be present to minimize the implementation of reversible processes in organizations where organizational change processes have been implemented so that continued change can go on in the company.     

A user designer-based systems methodology

This paper develops the argument that in organizational redesign it is desirable to utilize user-designers as the architects for the redesign. A methodology is developed which emphasizes the use of ideal systems models by user-designers to plan for the organization's future. The methodology involves the creation of an ideal system model, then an analysis of the present system through the creation of root definitions and process models of the existing system. Then root definitions and process models for the idealized system are created. Finally, the two are compared and desirable changes are generated which bring the existing system toward the idealized.     

Error rates in quadratic discrimination with constraints on the covariance matrices

In multivariate discrimination of several normal populations, the optimal classification procedure is based on quadratic discriminant functions. We compare expected error rates of the quadratic classification procedure if the covariance matrices are estimated under the following four models: (i) arbitrary covariance matrices, (ii) common principal components, (iii) proportional covariance matrices, and (iv) identical covariance matrices. Using Monte Carlo simulation to estimate expected error rates, we study the performance of the four discrimination procedures for five different parameter setups corresponding to standard situations that have been used in the literature. The procedures are examined for sample sizes ranging from 10 to 60, and for two to four groups. Our results quantify the extent to which a parsimonious method reduces error rates, and demonstrate that choosing a simple method of discrimination is often beneficial even if the underlying model assumptions are wrong.The authors wish to thank the editor and three referees for their helpful comments on the first draft of this article. M. J. Schmid supported by grants no. 2.724-0.85 and 2.038-0.86 of the Swiss National Science Foundation.