基于因特网的智能信息处理系统

本书为《创新智力》丛书的第3卷。因特网使以前不可能实现的难事成为可能，如容易地存取大量信息。但信息量和变量两者以质量形式对介质有效利用产生妨碍。由于这个原因，人工智能将成为有用的工具。智能系统可以用来检索因特网和数据挖掘；解释因特网导出资料、人-Web接口、消除监视条件和诸多新发现。本书提出关于诸如神经网络、自适应和连接者范型、模糊和基于规则的系统、智能代理人等智能系统和因特网之间交互的最新研究，它还纵览帮助和提高使用因特网的智能系统服务及一个通体用智能技术的信道，即因特网的应用。     

Study on the supramolecular structure of sorbic acid intercalated Zn-Al layered double hydroxides and its thermal decomposition

A novel organic-inorganic composite, sorbic acid intercalated zinc aluminum layered double hydroxides （SA-ZnAl-LDHs） has been successfully assembled by a simple direct coprecipitation method. A holistic approach including normal XRD, FT-IR, and UV-Vis measurements and simultaneous TG/DTA/MS and in situ HT-XRD techniques was employed to explore the supramolecular intercalation structure and the thermal decomposition properties of as-syntheslzed SA-ZnAl-LDHs material.     

中部崛起的比较优势及路径分析

产业基础、能源资源、科技优势、交通条件、城市体系等,这些中部地区独特的资源禀赋造就了中部独特的比较优势,在比较优势的基础上,研究分析中部地区崛起的路径和对策,促进中部地区的崛起。     

Microbial starch-binding domains are superior to granule-bound starch synthase I for anchoring luciferase to potato starch granules

Microbial starch-binding domains (SBD) and granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) are proteins which are accumulated in potato starch granules. The efficiency of SBD and GBSSI for targeting active luciferase reporter proteins to granules during starch biosynthesis was compared. GBSSI or SBD sequences were fused to the N- or C-terminus of the luciferase (LUC) gene, via an artificial Pro-Thr encoding linker sequence. The genes were introduced into an amylose-free (amf) potato mutant. It appeared that SBD was superior to GBSSI as a targeting sequence, mainly because the luciferase retained higher activity in the SBD-containing fusion proteins than in the GBSSI-containing ones.     

论大学生心理健康教育综合体系的建立

大学生心理成长成熟是一个复杂的问题；影响学生心理健康的因素很多；解决心理问题也必须多渠道、多途径。必须把学生心理健康教育作为一项系统工程来看待，多层次、全方位地建立学生心理问题的辅导、咨询、治疗系统，积极普及推广各类心理基础知识，使大学生的心理健康成熟，为社会培养合格人才。     

宇宙生命化:一个真实的人类未来图景

近几年来，人类在所有科学领域取得成果的速率在惊人地加快。当我们拓展对地球的控制时，同时也在准备重塑和改造地球上的景观，为自己到地球外居住作准备。几个世纪以来，我们已经花大力改造了地球，现在，我们正准备把宇宙转变成一个充满生命的有生气的实体。我们将通过把我们的意识、技能、智力以及我们自身扩展到其他行星上来实现这个目标。我们把人类改变和改善地球环境（最终是宇宙本身）的努力总称为“生命化”。生命化是调节人类行为的一种力量，赋予地球并最终赋予整个宇宙以意识和智慧，是全部人类生产活动背后的原动力。然而，为…     

可持续发展理论的若干问题研究

分析了可持续发展概念的形成和存在问题,从系统论的观点出发提出了可持续发展的科学定义,分析了可持续发展理论研究中涉及的可持续发展目标、可持续发展与科学技术、可持续发展与环境伦理以及可持续发展与公众参与等重要问题,指出了可持续发展理论研究的趋势.     

最优控制理论中的变分法

本文介绍了变分法的建立,并说明该变分法适用于自由终端时间最优控制问题的二阶变分的推导。首先,证明了如果给控制(独立变量)一个变化,那么,状态(相关变量)变化包括控制变化的所有阶次。因此,状态变化是整体变化,这意味着相关变化的变分存在。其次,要导出时间固定和时间自由变分之间的关系,并给出求积分的变分公式。这些结果被用于推导下述三种不同方法的二阶变分:在完成部分积分后求一阶变分的变分;在完成部分积分前求一阶变分的变分;用泰勒级数法求二阶变分。为了得到相同的结果,要求状态的整体变分存在或状态变分的变分存在。最后,如果给定轨线不是一条极值曲线,那么,在二阶变分中该方法产生附加项。     

宁夏自然历史遗迹及其初步评价

宁夏是我国自然历史遗迹类型多、代表性强的重点地区之一。联合国有关组织已决定把具有特殊意义的自然历史遗迹列入世界遗产保护地。本文基本查明了宁夏地区自然历史遗迹的类型、特征及分布情况,对遗迹的自然条件、环境和价值进行了初步评价,并提出了保护与管理的基本对策。     

Sympatric speciation by sexual selection

There is increasing evidence for the process of sympatric speciation, in which reproductive isolation of species occurs without physical isolation. Theoretical models have focused on disruptive natural selection as the crucial pressure for splitting a species. Here we report the theoretical finding that sympatric speciation may be caused by sexual selection even without disruptive natural selection. Specifically, we show that variation in a male secondary sexual character with two conspicuous extremes and the corresponding variance in female mating preference around no preference may jointly evolve into bimodal distributions with increasing modal divergence of the male and female traits, pulling a population apart into two prezygotically isolated populations. This mode of speciation, driven by two runaway processes in different directions, is promoted by an increase in the efficiency of females in discriminating among males or a decrease in the cost of male conspicuousness, indicating that sympatric speciation may occur more readily if barrier-free or predator-free conditions arise. Although even a slight cost of female preference would cancel the runaway process of sexual selection, it would not cancel the divergent runaway processes of sympatric speciation.