A module map showing conditional activity of expression modules in cancer

DNA microarrays are widely used to study changes in gene expression in tumors, but such studies are typically system-specific and do not address the commonalities and variations between different types of tumor. Here we present an integrated analysis of 1,975 published microarrays spanning 22 tumor types. We describe expression profiles in different tumors in terms of the behavior of modules, sets of genes that act in concert to carry out a specific function. Using a simple unified analysis, we extract modules and characterize gene-expression profiles in tumors as a combination of activated and deactivated modules. Activation of some modules is specific to particular types of tumor; for example, a growth-inhibitory module is specifically repressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemias and may underlie the deregulated proliferation in these cancers. Other modules are shared across a diverse set of clinical conditions, suggestive of common tumor progression mechanisms. For example, the bone osteoblastic module spans a variety of tumor types and includes both secreted growth factors and their receptors. Our findings suggest that there is a single mechanism for both primary tumor proliferation and metastasis to bone. Our analysis presents multiple research directions for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic studies.     

内蒙赤峰南部楼子店拆离断层系绿泥石化带的形成时代

楼子店拆离断层系是华北陆块北缘一条大型北东南西向构造，低角度倾向南东．拆离断层系中韧性剪切带的走向线理与脆性断面上的倾向擦痕表明该断层发育过程中发生了运动学上的转向．拆离断层系绿泥石化带是伸展过程中构造层次递进变浅所致的退化变质作用产物，其中发育了早期近走向和晚期倾向两组线理，记录了上盘早期向北东的韧性剪切到晚期脆性倾向下滑的运动学转向过程．因此，绿泥石矿物的定年可限定这一构造热事件及运动学转向的时间．初步的绿泥石K-Ar定年表明，楼子店拆离断层系绿泥石化带形成始于~121Ma，114—112Ma间发生了运动学的转向．     

医用胶粘剂主体材料α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯的合成研究

以氰乙酸正辛酯为原料,通过改进合成反应条件,合成得到了一种医用胶粘剂主体材料α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯,产率达到了71.2%,为下一步α-氰基丙烯酸酯胶粘剂性能改进奠定了基础.     

Nanotechnology: high-speed integrated nanowire circuits

Macroelectronic circuits made on substrates of glass or plastic could one day make computing devices ubiquitous owing to their light weight, flexibility and low cost. But these substrates deform at high temperatures so, until now, only semiconductors such as organics and amorphous silicon could be used, leading to poor performance. Here we present the use of low-temperature processes to integrate high-performance multi-nanowire transistors into logical inverters and fast ring oscillators on glass substrates. As well as potentially enabling powerful electronics to permeate all aspects of modern life, this advance could find application in devices such as low-cost radio-frequency tags and fully integrated high-refresh-rate displays.     

Dominant modifier DFNM1 suppresses recessive deafness DFNB26

More than 50% of severe childhood deafness is genetically determined, approximately 70% of which occurs without other abnormalities and is thus termed nonsyndromic. So far, 30 nonsyndromic recessive deafness loci have been mapped and the defective genes at 6 loci, DFNB1, DFNB2, DFNB3, DFNB4, DFNB9 and DNFB21, have been identified, encoding connexin-26 (ref. 3), myosin VIIA (ref. 4), myosin XV (ref. 5), pendrin, otoferlin and alpha-tectorin, respectively. Here we map a new recessive nonsyndromic deafness locus, DFNB26, to a 1.5-cM interval of chromosome 4q31 in a consanguineous Pakistani family. A maximum lod score of 8.10 at theta=0 was obtained with D4S1610 when only the 8 affected individuals in this family were included in the calculation. There are seven unaffected family members who are also homozygous for the DFNB26-linked haplotype and thus are non-penetrant. A dominant modifier, DFNM1, that suppresses deafness in the 7 nonpenetrant individuals was mapped to a 5.6-cM region on chromosome 1q24 with a lod score of 4.31 at theta=0 for D1S2815.